Elgani Alessia Maria, D'Addato Matteo, Perilli Luca, Franchi Scarselli Eleonora, Gnudi Antonio, Canegallo Roberto, Ricotti Giulio
STMicroelectronics, 20864 Agrate Brianza e Cornaredo, Italy.
Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems "Ercole De Castro" (ARCES), University of Bologna, 40123 Bologna, Italy.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Sep 30;24(19):6369. doi: 10.3390/s24196369.
This paper presents a passive Envelope Detector (ED) to be used for reception of OOK-modulated signals, such as in Wake-Up Receivers employed within Wireless Sensor Networks, widely used in the IoT. The main goal is implementing a temperature compensation mechanism in order to keep the passive ED input resistance roughly constant over temperature, making it a constant load for the preceding matching network and ultimately keeping the overall receiving chain sensitivity constant over temperature. The proposed ED was designed using STMicroelectronics 90 nm CMOS technology to receive 1 kbps OOK-modulated packets with a 433 MHz carrier frequency and a 0.6 V supply. The use of a block featuring a Proportional-to-Absolute Temperature (PTAT) current yields a 5 dB reduction in sensitivity temperature variation across the -40 °C to 120 °C range. Moreover, two different implementations were compared, one targeting minimal mismatch and the other one targeting minimal area. The minimal area version appears to be better in terms of estimated overall chain sensitivity at all temperatures despite a higher sensitivity spread.
本文提出了一种无源包络检波器（ED），用于接收诸如物联网中广泛使用的无线传感器网络中的唤醒接收器所采用的开关键控（OOK）调制信号。主要目标是实现一种温度补偿机制，以便在温度变化时使无源ED的输入电阻大致保持恒定，使其成为前级匹配网络的恒定负载，并最终使整个接收链的灵敏度在温度变化时保持恒定。所提出的ED采用意法半导体90纳米互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）技术进行设计，用于接收载波频率为433兆赫兹、数据传输速率为1千比特每秒的OOK调制数据包，电源电压为0.6伏。使用具有与绝对温度成正比（PTAT）电流的模块，可使在-40°C至120°C范围内灵敏度的温度变化降低5分贝。此外，还比较了两种不同的实现方式，一种以最小失配为目标，另一种以最小面积为目标。尽管灵敏度分布较高，但在所有温度下，最小面积版本在估计的整体链灵敏度方面似乎表现更好。
