Hossain Md Saddam, Khan Md Arifur Rahman, Mahmud Apple, Ghosh Uttam Kumar, Anik Touhidur Rahman, Mayer Daniel, Das Ashim Kumar, Mostofa Mohammad Golam
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.
Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Oct 2;13(19):2765. doi: 10.3390/plants13192765.
Water scarcity leads to significant ecological challenges for global farming production. Sustainable agriculture depends on developing strategies to overcome the impacts of drought on important crops, including soybean. In this present study, seven promising soybean genotypes were evaluated for their drought tolerance potential by exposing them to water deficit conditions. The control group was maintained at 100% field capacity (FC), while the drought-treated group was maintained at 50% FC on a volume/weight basis. This treatment was applied at the second trifoliate leaf stage and continued until maturity. Our results demonstrated that water shortage exerted negative impacts on soybean phenotypic traits, physiological and biochemical mechanisms, and yield output in comparison with normal conditions. Our results showed that genotype G00001 exhibited the highest leaf area plant (483.70 cm), photosynthetic attributes like stomatal conductance () (0.15 mol HO m s) and photosynthetic rate () (13.73 μmol CO m s), and xylem exudation rate (0.25 g h) under drought conditions. The G00001 genotype showed greater leaf greenness by preserving photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoids; 4.23 and 7.34 mg g FW, respectively) in response to drought conditions. Soybean plants accumulated high levels of stress indicators like proline and malondialdehyde when subjected to drought stress. However, genotype G00001 displayed lower levels of proline (4.49 μg g FW) and malondialdehyde (3.70 μmol g FW), indicating that this genotype suffered from less oxidative stress induced by drought stress compared to the other investigated soybean genotypes. Eventually, the G00001 genotype had a greater yield in terms of seeds pod (SP) (1.90) and 100-seed weight (HSW) (14.60 g) under drought conditions. On the other hand, BD2333 exhibited the largest decrease in plant height (37.10%), pod number plant (85.90%), SP (56.20%), HSW (54.20%), (90.50%), (71.00%), transpiration rate (59.40%), relative water content (34.40%), Chl (79.50%), total Chls (72.70%), and carotenoids (56.70%), along with the maximum increase in water saturation deficit (290.40%) and malondialdehyde content (280.30%) under drought compared to control conditions, indicating its higher sensitivity to drought stress. Our findings suggest that G00001 is a promising candidate to consider for field trials and further evaluation of its molecular signature may help breeding other elite cultivars to develop drought-tolerant, high-yielding soybean varieties.
水资源短缺给全球农业生产带来了重大的生态挑战。可持续农业依赖于制定战略，以克服干旱对包括大豆在内的重要作物的影响。在本研究中，通过将七种有前景的大豆基因型置于水分亏缺条件下，评估了它们的耐旱潜力。对照组维持在100%的田间持水量（FC），而干旱处理组在体积/重量基础上维持在50%的FC。该处理在第二片三出复叶期进行，并持续到成熟。我们的结果表明，与正常条件相比，缺水对大豆的表型性状、生理和生化机制以及产量产生了负面影响。我们的结果表明，基因型G00001在干旱条件下表现出最高的单株叶面积（483.70平方厘米）、光合属性如气孔导度（）（0.15摩尔·H₂O·米⁻²·秒⁻¹）和光合速率（）（13.73微摩尔·CO₂·米⁻²·秒⁻¹）以及木质部渗出率（0.25克·小时⁻¹）。G00001基因型通过在干旱条件下保留光合色素（总叶绿素（Chls）和类胡萝卜素；分别为4.23和7.34毫克·克⁻¹鲜重）表现出更高的叶绿色度。大豆植株在遭受干旱胁迫时积累了高水平的应激指标如脯氨酸和丙二醛。然而，基因型G00001表现出较低水平的脯氨酸（4.49微克·克⁻¹鲜重）和丙二醛（3.70微摩尔·克⁻¹鲜重），表明与其他研究的大豆基因型相比，该基因型受干旱胁迫诱导的氧化应激较小。最终，G00001基因型在干旱条件下的单株荚数（SP）（1.90）和百粒重（HSW）（14.60克）方面产量更高。另一方面，BD2333在干旱条件下与对照相比，株高下降幅度最大（37.10%）、单株荚数下降（85.90%）、SP下降（56.20%）、HSW下降（54.20%）、（90.50%）、（71.00%）、蒸腾速率下降（59.40%）、相对含水量下降（34.40%）、叶绿素（79.50%）、总叶绿素（72.70%）和类胡萝卜素（56.70%）下降，同时水分饱和亏缺（290.40%）和丙二醛含量增加幅度最大（280.30%），表明其对干旱胁迫的敏感性更高。我们的研究结果表明，G00001是一个有前景的候选品种，可考虑进行田间试验，对其分子特征的进一步评估可能有助于培育其他优良品种，以开发耐旱、高产的大豆品种。
