Plant breeding and genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and technology, Xi'an, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Mar;28(12):14211-14232. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12649-8. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
The changing climate scenarios harshen the biotic stresses including boosting up the population of insect/pest and disease, uplifting weed growth, declining soil beneficial microbes, threaten pollinator, and boosting up abiotic stresses including harsh drought/waterlogging, extremisms in temperature, salinity/alkalinity, abrupt rainfall pattern)) and ulitamtely affect the plant in multiple ways. This nexus review paper will cover four significant points viz (1) the possible impacts of climate change; as the world already facing the problem of food security, in such crucial period, climatic change severely affects all four dimensions of food security (from production to consumption) and will lead to malnutrition/malnourishment faced by low-income peoples. (2) How some major crops (wheat, cotton, rice, maize, and sugarcane) are affected by stress and their consequent loss. (3) How to develop a strategic work to limit crucial factors, like their significant role in climate-smart breeding, developing resilience to stresses, and idiotypic breeding. Additionally, there is an essence of improving food security, as much of our food is wasted before consumption for instance post-harvest losses. (4) Role of biotechnology and genetic engineering in adaptive introgression of the gene or developing plant transgenic against pests. As millions of dollars are invested in innovation and research to cope with future climate change stresses on a plant, hence community base adaptation of innovation is also considered an important factor in crop improvements. Because of such crucial predictions about the future impacts of climate change on agriculture, we must adopt measures to evolve crop.
气候变化情景加剧了生物胁迫，包括增加昆虫/害虫和疾病的数量，促进杂草生长，减少土壤有益微生物，威胁传粉媒介，并加剧非生物胁迫，包括极端干旱/水涝、温度极端、盐度/碱度、突然的降雨模式），最终以多种方式影响植物。这篇综述文章将涵盖四个重要方面：（1）气候变化的可能影响；由于世界已经面临粮食安全问题，在这个关键时期，气候变化严重影响了粮食安全的四个方面（从生产到消费），并将导致低收入人群面临营养不良。（2）主要农作物（小麦、棉花、水稻、玉米和甘蔗）如何受到胁迫及其随后的损失。（3）如何制定战略工作来限制关键因素，如在气候智能育种、提高抗逆性和独特型育种方面的重要作用。此外，提高粮食安全至关重要，因为我们的许多食物在消费前就浪费了，例如收获后损失。（4）生物技术和基因工程在基因的适应性导入或开发抗虫害的植物转基因中的作用。由于数百万美元用于创新和研究，以应对未来气候变化对植物的压力，因此社区基础的创新适应也被认为是作物改良的一个重要因素。由于对未来气候变化对农业的影响有如此重要的预测，我们必须采取措施来培育作物。
