Herrera-González Martha Patricia, Zamora-Jerez Alejandra, Cifuentes-Velasquez Rolando, Arévalo-Rodríguez Luis Andrés, Pereira-Lorenzo Santiago
Center for Agricultural and Food Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala.
Programa de Doctorado en Agricultura y Medio Ambiente para el Desarrollo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Oct 4;13(19):2786. doi: 10.3390/plants13192786.
Cardamom ( (L.) Maton) plays a crucial role in Guatemala's agriculture, supporting local families and covering 169,429.29 ha (making it the world's leading producer). Since its introduction to Guatemala in 1910, limited research has focused on unraveling the diversity and defining morphological traits critical for selecting excellent accessions. In this study, we examined 17 morphological traits across 288 accessions to identify key features associated with the germplasm. The comprehensive analysis employed principal component analysis, a morphological composite value (F-value), linear regression, and hierarchical clustering. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 0.10 to 2.02, indicating the variation in diversity among traits. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed six distinct germplasm groups. The comprehensive analysis facilitated the selection of 14 excellent accessions, and the regression equation incorporating criteria such as plant height, capsule color, panicle number per plant, panicle length, rhizome color, cluster number per panicle, cluster node length, and capsule number per cluster to identify cardamom germplasm. To develop a conservation strategy for the two putative foreign varieties ('Malabar' and 'Mysore'/'Vazhukka') introduced in Guatemala based on plant height, another 12 accessions were selected with a second comprehensive evaluation. This information offers insights into cardamom diversity for informed selection enhancing national utilization, productivity, and conservation.
小豆蔻（（L.）马顿）在危地马拉农业中发挥着关键作用，养活了当地家庭，种植面积达169429.29公顷（使其成为世界领先的生产国）。自1910年引入危地马拉以来，针对其多样性及确定优良种质关键形态特征的研究有限。在本研究中，我们对288份种质的17个形态特征进行了检测，以确定与种质相关的关键特征。综合分析采用了主成分分析、形态综合值（F值）、线性回归和层次聚类。香农 - 维纳多样性指数在0.10至2.02之间，表明各性状间多样性存在差异。主成分分析和层次聚类揭示了六个不同的种质组。综合分析有助于选出14份优良种质，并通过纳入株高、蒴果颜色、单株穗数、穗长、根茎颜色、每穗簇数、簇节长度和每簇蒴果数等标准的回归方程来鉴定小豆蔻种质。为基于株高为危地马拉引进的两个推测的外来品种（“马拉巴尔”和“迈索尔”/“瓦朱卡”）制定保护策略，又通过第二次综合评估选出了12份种质。这些信息为小豆蔻多样性提供了见解，有助于进行明智的选择，提高国内利用率、生产力和保护水平。
