Sauter Edward R, Agurs-Collins Tanya
Divisions of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2024 Sep 26;16(19):3275. doi: 10.3390/cancers16193275.
Diets geared to reduce cancer risk in overweight and obese individuals focus on (1) caloric restriction (every day, some days, or most hours of each day); (2) changes in macronutrient intake; or (3) a combination of the prior two strategies. Diets generally fail because of nonadherence or due to limited sustained weight loss. This is in contrast to a diet supplemented with a weight loss medication, so long as the participant continues the medication or after bariatric surgery, in which adherence tends to be much higher. Among individuals who regain weight after surgery, weight loss medications are proving beneficial in maintaining weight loss. Both maximum and sustained weight loss are essential for all forms of effective metabolic improvement, including cancer risk reduction. The focus of this report is to assess the state of research on the consequence of pharmacotherapy use on weight loss and proposed weight loss-independent effects on subsequent cancer risk reduction, including the potential role of medication use in conjunction with metabolic (bariatric) surgery (MBS). Finally, we present Notices of Funding Opportunities (NOFOs) by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to better understand the mechanism(s) that are driving the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in cancer risk reduction.
（1）热量限制（每天、某些日子或每天的大部分时间）；（2）常量营养素摄入量的改变；或（3）前两种策略的结合。这类饮食方案通常因依从性差或体重持续减轻有限而失败。这与补充减肥药物的饮食方案形成对比，只要参与者持续服用药物，或者在接受减肥手术后，依从性往往会高得多。在手术后体重反弹的个体中，减肥药物已被证明有助于维持体重减轻。最大程度和持续的体重减轻对于所有形式的有效代谢改善都至关重要，包括降低癌症风险。本报告的重点是评估药物治疗对体重减轻影响的研究现状，以及对随后降低癌症风险的拟议的与体重减轻无关的影响，包括药物治疗与代谢（减肥）手术（MBS）联合使用的潜在作用。最后，我们展示了美国国立癌症研究所（NCI）的资助机会公告（NOFOs），以更好地理解推动药物治疗降低癌症风险疗效的机制。
