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大米及米制品中的砷与消费者健康

Arsenic in Rice and Rice-Based Products with Regard to Consumer Health.

作者信息

Rajkowska-Myśliwiec Monika, Ciemniak Artur, Karp Gabriela

机构信息

Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland.

出版信息

Foods. 2024 Oct 2;13(19):3153. doi: 10.3390/foods13193153.

Abstract

Most articles on the exposure to arsenic (As) associated with rice and rice products come from Asia where these products are consumed in the largest quantities; relatively few of the articles have focused on European consumers. Since rice products can represent a significant contribution to overall arsenic exposure, the aim of the study was to determine the total arsenic content (tAs) in rice and the most commonly-consumed rice products available on the Polish market. The tAs determination was performed by hydride generation coupled to inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-OES). Because an inorganic form of As (iAs) is mutagenic and carcinogenic and about 100-fold more toxic than the organic form, an additional aim of the study was to assess the risk of its ingestion, assuming that it constitutes 67.7%, 72.7%, or 90% of tAs. In all products tested, the calculated iAs content was below the maximum permissible levels, and no threat was found for any of the analyzed Polish consumers, based on the mean rice consumption in Poland and the mean calculated iAs content. However, a potential health risk was noted among infants and young children, assuming maximum iAs levels and threefold higher consumption (16.2 g d). To avoid a risk of developing cancer, infants up to one year of age should consume no more than 32.2 g of the studied products per week, children under three years of age up to 68.7 g, and adults 243 g. Consumers should strive to include a variety of cereals in their daily diet and choose products shown to have low arsenic contamination levels based on testing and inspection rankings.

摘要

大多数关于大米及大米制品中砷暴露的文章来自亚洲,这些产品在亚洲的消费量最大;相对而言,关注欧洲消费者的文章较少。由于大米制品可能对总体砷暴露有重大影响,本研究的目的是测定波兰市场上大米及最常消费的大米制品中的总砷含量(tAs)。总砷含量的测定采用氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(HG-ICP-OES)。由于无机砷(iAs)具有致突变性和致癌性,其毒性比有机砷高约100倍,本研究的另一个目的是评估摄入无机砷的风险,假设其占总砷的67.7%、72.7%或90%。在所有测试产品中,计算得出的无机砷含量均低于最大允许水平,根据波兰的大米平均消费量和计算得出的无机砷平均含量,未发现对任何分析的波兰消费者有威胁。然而,假设无机砷达到最高水平且消费量增加三倍(16.2克/天),则婴儿和幼儿存在潜在健康风险。为避免患癌风险,一岁以下婴儿每周食用的研究产品不应超过32.2克,三岁以下儿童不超过68.7克,成年人不超过243克。消费者应努力在日常饮食中摄入多种谷物,并根据检测和检查排名选择砷污染水平低的产品。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9702/11475265/688000482edc/foods-13-03153-g001.jpg

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