Navaretnam Raneesha, Aris Ahmad Zaharin, Shukor Muhammad Faizan A, Norrrahim Mohd Nor Faiz, Knight Victor Feizal, Chin Teen Teen, Isa Noorain Mohd, Looi Ley Juen
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS) Universiti Putra Malaysia, Lot 960, Jalan Kemang 6, Batu 7, Kampung Telok Kemang, 71050, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
Environ Geochem Health. 2025 Aug 25;47(10):411. doi: 10.1007/s10653-025-02723-2.
Arsenic (As) contamination in rice poses significant health risks due to the toxicity of certain arsenicals. This study presents an improved, time-efficient method for quantifying arsenite (As), arsenate (As), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) in commercial white and brown rice using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). The method incorporates chromatographic modifiers and ion-pairing agents in the mobile phase, reducing overall retention time to less than 4 minutes while enhancing peak separation. Method optimization, focusing on the solid-to-liquid ratio (g/L) and extraction time (minutes), was validated using the certified reference material (SRM 1568b Rice Flour), with measured concentrations showing good agreement with certified values. The MMA was excluded from the final analysis due to its low concentration in rice samples and minimal risk contribution. Arsenic species in rice followed the trend As > DMA > As. No significant association was found between As levels and country of origin, but certain brown (MR 27, MR 29) and white (MR 10, MR 14) rice samples exceeded the European Commission's limit for inorganic As. Health risk assessments showed all rice samples had a target hazard quotient above 1, indicating potential non-carcinogenic risks. Additionally, estimated cancer risks exceeded the 10 (1 in 1000 lifetime risk) threshold under the revised cancer slope factor (CSF) value. This optimized method offers a reliable approach for detecting and quantifying As species in rice, aiding food safety monitoring and regulatory efforts.
由于某些砷化物具有毒性，大米中的砷污染会带来重大健康风险。本研究提出了一种改进的、省时的方法，用于使用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术（HPLC-ICP-MS）对市售白米和糙米中的亚砷酸盐（As）、砷酸盐（As）、二甲基砷酸（DMA）和一甲基砷酸（MMA）进行定量分析。该方法在流动相中加入了色谱改性剂和离子对试剂，将总保留时间缩短至4分钟以内，同时增强了峰分离效果。以标准参考物质（SRM 1568b米粉）验证了针对固液比（g/L）和萃取时间（分钟）的方法优化，测量浓度与认证值显示出良好的一致性。由于MMA在大米样品中的浓度较低且风险贡献极小，因此在最终分析中被排除。大米中的砷形态呈现As＞DMA＞As的趋势。未发现砷含量与原产国之间存在显著关联，但某些糙米（MR 27、MR 29）和白米（MR 10、MR 14）样品超过了欧盟委员会对无机砷的限量。健康风险评估表明，所有大米样品的目标危害商数均高于1，表明存在潜在的非致癌风险。此外，根据修订后的癌症斜率因子（CSF）值，估计的癌症风险超过了10（千分之一的终身风险）这一阈值。这种优化方法为检测和定量大米中的砷形态提供了一种可靠的途径，有助于食品安全监测和监管工作。
