Flórez Gerardo, Espandian Ashkan, Seoane-Pillado Teresa, Llorens Noelia, Gerpe José Manuel, Saiz Pilar
Addictive Treatment Unit, Ourense University Hospital, Ourense, Spain.
Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain.
Front Psychiatry. 2024 Sep 30;15:1435031. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1435031. eCollection 2024.
Suicide is a serious public health problem that affects our entire country. The aim of this research was to study the variation in completed suicide rates between 2010 and 2022 in Spain and their relationship with the consumption of addictive substances.
Completed suicide data from the Spanish Statistical Office (INE) were analyzed with a joinpoint regression model to determine time trends. The relationship between the variation in completed suicide rates with sociodemographic variables, including depression rates, obtained from the Spanish Statistical Office and variables related to the consumption of substances obtained from the survey on alcohol and other drugs in Spain (EDADES) of the Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs (DGPNSD) was also studied using an exploratory analysis and also performing a Generalized Additive Model.
The joinpoint regression model did reveal a point of significant change in the period studied for Spain showing a trend of increased suicide death rates for the studied period. The following variables correlated positively with the variation in completed suicide rates in the Generalized Additive Model: alcohol use in the past 12 months, alcohol use in the last 30 days, daily alcohol use in the last 30 days, binge drinking in the last 12 months, binge drinking in the last month, positive Alcohol Use Disorder Test for risky alcohol use, benzodiazepine use in the last 12 months, benzodiazepine use in the last month, daily benzodiazepine use in the last month, use of illegal substances in the last 12 months, use of illegal substances in the last month, mean age and depression rates.
Applying preventive strategies on the risky consumption of alcohol, benzodiazepines and illegal substances would help reduce the rates of completed suicide in Spain.
自杀是一个严重的公共卫生问题，影响着我们整个国家。本研究的目的是研究2010年至2022年西班牙自杀既遂率的变化及其与成瘾物质消费的关系。
使用连接点回归模型分析西班牙统计局（INE）的自杀既遂数据，以确定时间趋势。还使用探索性分析并进行广义相加模型，研究了自杀既遂率变化与社会人口统计学变量（包括从西班牙统计局获得的抑郁症发病率）以及与从国家毒品计划政府代表团（DGPNSD）的西班牙酒精和其他药物调查（EDADES）中获得的物质消费相关变量之间的关系。
连接点回归模型确实揭示了西班牙在研究期间有一个显著变化点，表明研究期间自杀死亡率呈上升趋势。在广义相加模型中，以下变量与自杀既遂率的变化呈正相关：过去12个月内饮酒、过去30天内饮酒、过去30天内每日饮酒、过去12个月内暴饮、过去一个月内暴饮、酒精使用障碍风险饮酒检测呈阳性、过去12个月内使用苯二氮䓬类药物、过去一个月内使用苯二氮䓬类药物、过去一个月内每日使用苯二氮䓬类药物、过去12个月内使用非法物质、过去一个月内使用非法物质、平均年龄和抑郁症发病率。
对酒精、苯二氮䓬类药物和非法物质的危险消费实施预防策略将有助于降低西班牙的自杀既遂率。
