Yen Jessica, Yang Kun, Tu Xin M, Kayser Georgia, Skomal Ana, Gahagan Sheila, Suarez-Torres Jose, Hong Suzi, Moore Raeanne C, Suarez-Lopez Jose R
medRxiv. 2024 Oct 11:2024.10.10.24315201. doi: 10.1101/2024.10.10.24315201.
Organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides can affect children's neurodevelopment and increase inflammation. Limited evidence exists among adolescents and on whether inflammation may mediate pesticide-neurobehavior associations. We examined the associations between insecticide metabolite concentrations and neurobehavior among adolescents in Ecuadorian agricultural communities.
We included 520 participants aged 11-17 years. We measured urinary insecticide metabolites (mass spectrometry) and neurobehavior (NEPSY-II). Associations were adjusted for socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics. The associations of insecticide mixtures with neurobehavior were evaluated using PLS regression, and mediation by inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, SAA, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sCD-14) was conducted.
Among organophosphates, para-nitrophenol (PNP) and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) were inversely associated with Social Perception (score difference per 50% increase [β ] = -0.26 [95%CI: - 1.07, -0.20] and -0.10 [-0.22, 0.01], respectively). PNP and TCPy also had significant inverse associations with Attention/Inhibitory Control at concentrations >60 percentile (β = -0.26 [95%CI: -0.51, -0.01] and β = -0.22 [95%CI: -0.43, -0.00], respectively). The pyrethroid, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), was inversely associated with Language (β = -0.13 [95%CI: -0.19, -0.01]) and had a negative quadratic association with Attention/Inhibitory Control. The neonicotinoid 5-Hydroxy imidacloprid (OHIM) was positively associated with Memory/Learning (β = 0.20 [95%CI: 0.04, 0.37]). Mixtures of all insecticides were significantly negatively related to all domains, except for Memory/Learning, which was positively associated. No mediation by inflammatory markers on these associations was observed.
Concurrent organophosphate, pyrethroid, and the mixtures of all metabolites were associated with lower performance in all domains except for Memory/Learning. Neonicotinoids were positively associated with Memory/Learning and Social Perception scores.
有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂会影响儿童神经发育并加剧炎症。关于青少年以及炎症是否可能介导农药与神经行为关联的证据有限。我们研究了厄瓜多尔农业社区青少年体内杀虫剂代谢物浓度与神经行为之间的关联。
我们纳入了520名年龄在11至17岁之间的参与者。我们测量了尿中杀虫剂代谢物（质谱法）和神经行为（NEPSY-II）。对社会人口统计学和人体测量学特征进行了关联调整。使用偏最小二乘回归评估杀虫剂混合物与神经行为的关联，并通过炎症生物标志物（TNF-α、IL-6、CRP、SAA、sICAM-1、sVCAM-1和sCD-14）进行中介分析。
在有机磷类中，对硝基苯酚（PNP）和3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇（TCPy）与社会认知呈负相关（每增加50%的得分差异[β]= -0.26[95%置信区间：-1.07，-0.20]和-0.10[-0.22，0.01]，分别）。PNP和TCPy在浓度>第60百分位数时与注意力/抑制控制也存在显著负相关（β= -0.26[95%置信区间：-0.51，-0.01]和β= -0.22[95%置信区间：-0.43，-0.00]，分别）。拟除虫菊酯类的3-苯氧基苯甲酸（3-PBA）与语言呈负相关（β= -0.13[95%置信区间：-0.19，-0.01]），与注意力/抑制控制呈负二次相关。新烟碱类的5-羟基吡虫啉（OHIM）与记忆/学习呈正相关（β= 0.20[95%置信区间：0.04，0.37]）。所有杀虫剂的混合物与除记忆/学习外的所有领域均呈显著负相关，记忆/学习与之呈正相关。未观察到炎症标志物对这些关联的中介作用。
同时存在的有机磷、拟除虫菊酯类以及所有代谢物的混合物与除记忆/学习外的所有领域的较低表现相关。新烟碱类与记忆/学习和社会认知得分呈正相关。
