Sng Oliver, Williams Keelah E G, Tsukamoto Saori, Neuberg Steven L
Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine.
Department of Psychology, Hamilton College.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2025 Feb;128(2):243-261. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000421. Epub 2024 Oct 17.
Perceivers hold ecology stereotypes-beliefs about how the environments others live in shape their behavior. Drawing upon a life history perspective, we examine the stereotypes people hold about those who live in relatively harsh and unpredictable ecologies. First, across diverse demographic groups and societies (the United States, India, Japan, Romania, the United Kingdom), people believe that individuals who live in harsh and unpredictable environments engage in "faster" behaviors ( = 2,078; from .80 to 2.14)-that they are more impulsive, sexually unrestricted, opportunistic, and invest less in education and their own children (Studies 1, 2, and 3). Second, these ecology stereotypes seem to underlie certain Black/White race stereotypes held by White perceivers in the United States (Study 1) and family structure stereotypes (i.e., growing up in a single-mother home) held by perceivers in both Japan and the United States (Studies 4a and 5a). Supporting this, the application of these race and family structure stereotypes is overridden or attenuated when perceivers are presented with direct information about a specific person's ecology (Studies 1, 4A, and 5B). Third, beliefs that there is high ecological mobility within a society reduce the magnitude of ecology stereotypes (Study 3), as one would expect if ecology stereotypes function to help perceivers better predict others' behavior. Last, ecology stereotypes do not seem to be just general valence biases or to simply reflect social class stereotypes. In sum, ecology stereotypes may be an influential but relatively unexamined type of stereotype, with broad implications for thinking about other group stereotypes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
感知者持有生态刻板印象，即关于他人生活的环境如何塑造其行为的信念。从生命历程的角度出发，我们研究了人们对生活在相对恶劣和不可预测环境中的人的刻板印象。首先，在不同的人口群体和社会（美国、印度、日本、罗马尼亚、英国）中，人们认为生活在恶劣和不可预测环境中的个体表现出“更快”的行为（= 2,078；范围从0.80到2.14）——他们更冲动、性方面不受约束、机会主义，并且在教育和自己孩子身上的投入较少（研究1、2和3）。其次，这些生态刻板印象似乎是美国白人感知者持有的某些黑/白种族刻板印象（研究1）以及日本和美国感知者持有的家庭结构刻板印象（即成长于单亲家庭）的基础（研究4a和5a）。支持这一点的是，当向感知者提供关于特定个体生态环境的直接信息时，这些种族和家庭结构刻板印象的应用会被推翻或减弱（研究1、4A和5B）。第三，认为社会中生态流动性高的信念会降低生态刻板印象的程度（研究3），正如人们所预期的，如果生态刻板印象的作用是帮助感知者更好地预测他人的行为。最后，生态刻板印象似乎不仅仅是一般的效价偏差，也不仅仅是反映社会阶层刻板印象。总之，生态刻板印象可能是一种有影响力但相对未被审视的刻板印象类型，对思考其他群体刻板印象具有广泛的意义。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2025美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
