Ezginur Gündoğmuş, MSc, OT, is Research Assistant, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye;
Gonca Bumin, PhD, PT, is Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Am J Occup Ther. 2024 Nov 1;78(6). doi: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050706.
The scope of early intervention (EI) programs, which mostly focus on motor skills, needs to be expanded.
To examine the effects of an EI on developmental domains and parent-child interactions.
Randomized controlled study.
Children ages 24-36 mo with developmental delay (DD; intervention group, n = 30; control group, n = 40).
Pediatric occupational therapy unit of Hacettepe University.
The intervention group received an intervention that used the Goal Activity and Motor Enrichment (GAME) approach and a home program, whereas the control group received a home program only. Both groups received the same intervention dosage.
Developmental domains were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (Bayley III) and the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ). Sensory processing was assessed with the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile 2 (ITSP-2), social-emotional development with the ASQ:Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE), and parent-child interaction with the Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO™). A compliance checklist was used to determine compliance with the home program.
A significant between-groups difference was found on all Bayley III and PICCOLO subscales and on the Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Problem-Solving, and Social-Emotional domains of the ASQ and ASQ:SE in favor of the intervention group (p < .05). The intervention group showed more typification (normal sensory processing) in sensory quadrants and general processing. Both groups were 100% compliant with the home program.
The GAME-based intervention for children with DD, including sensory and cognitive activities, is effective in improving developmental domains and parent-child interactions. Plain-Language Summary: The scope of early intervention programs mostly focuses on motor skills and needs to be expanded to include the essential roles of children's sensory and cognitive abilities. This study provides important insights into early interventions by occupational therapists and the impact on children with developmental delay and parent-child interactions. We found that the Goal Activity and Motor Enrichment (GAME) intervention for children with developmental delay, which includes sensory and cognitive activities, is effective in improving developmental domains and parent-child interactions.
早期干预（EI）计划的范围主要集中在运动技能上，需要扩大。
研究 EI 对发展领域和亲子互动的影响。
随机对照研究。
年龄在 24-36 个月、有发育迟缓（DD）的儿童（干预组，n=30；对照组，n=40）。
哈塞特佩大学儿科职业治疗单位。
干预组接受使用目标活动和运动丰富（GAME）方法和家庭计划的干预，而对照组仅接受家庭计划。两组都接受相同的干预剂量。
使用贝利婴幼儿发育量表第三版（Bayley III）和年龄与阶段问卷（ASQ）评估发展领域。使用婴儿/幼儿感觉统合评定量表 2（ITSP-2）评估感觉处理，使用 ASQ：社交情绪（ASQ：SE）评估社会情绪发展，使用亲子互动观察与结果相关检查表（PICCOLO™）评估亲子互动。使用依从性检查表来确定家庭计划的依从性。
干预组在所有 Bayley III 和 PICCOLO 分量表以及 ASQ 和 ASQ：SE 的粗大运动、精细运动、解决问题和社会情绪领域的得分均显著高于对照组（p<.05）。干预组在感觉象限和一般处理方面表现出更多的典型化（正常感觉处理）。两组对家庭计划的依从性均为 100%。
针对发育迟缓儿童的基于 GAME 的干预，包括感觉和认知活动，在改善发展领域和亲子互动方面是有效的。
