Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanbian 133002, Jilin, China.
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China)/Northeast Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2024 Aug;35(8):2167-2175. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202408.012.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential for maintaining soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultu-ral development. We investigated the impact of long-term tillage practices on soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) and its components in dryland farming areas of the black soil region, based on a 39-year tillage practice experiment. We compared the effects of different tillage practices (conventional rotary and ridge tillage, CT; no-tillage, NT; subsoiling tillage, ST; moldboard plowing, MP) on SOCS, active organic carbon components, and microbial necromass carbon (MNC) content in the 0-40 cm soil layer. The results showed that, compared to CT, NT significantly increased the contents of SOCS, SOC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), and MNC in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Both ST and MP significantly improved the contents of SOCS, SOC, and EOC in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers compared to CT and increased MBC content in the 20-40 cm soil layer. Additionally, MP treatment significantly improved the contents of DOC, particulate organic carbon, and MNC in the 20-40 cm soil layer compared to other treatments. ST and MP significantly reduced the contribution rate of MNC to SOC in both soil layers compared to CT and NT treatments. Results of structural equation modeling showed that enhancing the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, field capacity, and total phosphorus content, along with increasing the activities of β-glucosidase, amylase, and lignin peroxidase, could promote MNC accumulation. MP treatment facilitated the uniform distribution of SOC, active organic carbon, and MNC in the 0-40 cm soil layer, which was more conducive to the fixation of SOC in farmland in the black soil region.
土壤有机碳（SOC）对于维持土壤肥力和促进可持续农业发展至关重要。本研究基于长达 39 年的耕作实验，调查了长期耕作措施对黑土旱地农田土壤有机碳储量（SOCS）及其组分的影响。我们比较了不同耕作措施（传统旋耕和垄耕、CT；免耕、NT；深松耕、ST；铧式犁耕、MP）对 0-40 cm 土层中 SOCS、活性有机碳组分和微生物残体碳（MNC）含量的影响。结果表明，与 CT 相比，NT 显著增加了 0-20 cm 土层中 SOCS、SOC、溶解性有机碳（DOC）、微生物生物量碳（MBC）、易氧化有机碳（EOC）和 MNC 的含量。与 CT 相比，ST 和 MP 均显著提高了 0-20 和 20-40 cm 土层中 SOCS、SOC 和 EOC 的含量，且在 20-40 cm 土层中增加了 MBC 的含量。此外，与其他处理相比，MP 处理还显著提高了 20-40 cm 土层中 DOC、颗粒有机碳和 MNC 的含量。与 CT 和 NT 处理相比，ST 和 MP 处理显著降低了 SOC 中 MNC 的贡献率。结构方程模型的结果表明，提高土壤团聚体平均质量直径、田间持水量和全磷含量，同时增加 β-葡萄糖苷酶、淀粉酶和木质素过氧化物酶的活性，可以促进 MNC 的积累。MP 处理有利于 SOC、活性有机碳和 MNC 在 0-40 cm 土层中的均匀分布，更有利于黑土区农田 SOC 的固定。
