College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 18;14(1):24518. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-74724-7.
In photoperiod-sensitive plants, the CO-like gene (CONSTANS-like, COL) has a crucial function in regulating the timing of flowering. The blooming period in foxtail millet is greatly influenced by the duration of daylight; however, there is a scarcity of data regarding the molecular properties of the COL genes in the foxtail millet. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the COL gene family in foxtail millet at the genome-wide level. We identified 11 SiCOL genes and performed gene structure analysis, which showed pronounced variation in gene length and intron number among the genes. The examination of COL proteins in foxtail millet and other plant species using phylogenetic analysis revealed that they could be clustered into three distinct groups. Cis-element analysis identified elements related to light-responsiveness, hormones, and abiotic stress in the promoter region of the SiCOL gene. Furthermore, tissue-specific expression analysis showed widespread expression of all 11 SiCOL genes in various foxtail millet tissues and organs, particularly in leaves and panicles. Collinearity analysis identified 14 syntenic gene pairs in both foxtail millet and rice. The results also revealed diurnal oscillations in the transcription levels of SiCOL genes under different light conditions. Moreover, among the 11 genes, SiCO, SiCOL1, and SiCOL6 expression levels were negatively correlated with flowering time variation in two foxtail cultivars. Additionally, upon constructing a network of predicted molecular interactions, FLOWER LOCUS-like (FTL) and Phytochromea A (PHY A) were suggested to potentially interact with SiCO, SiCOL1, and SiCOL6. SiCO, SiCOL1, and SiCOL6 have the potential for flowering and heading in foxtail millet. This research enhances our comprehension of the role and control of the SiCOL gene family constituents in foxtail millet, establishing a basis for future investigations.
在光周期敏感植物中，CO 类似基因（CONSTANS 类似，COL）在调控开花时间方面起着至关重要的作用。谷子的开花期受日照时间的影响很大；然而，关于谷子 COL 基因的分子特性的数据却很少。在这项研究中，我们在全基因组水平上对谷子的 COL 基因家族进行了全面分析。我们鉴定了 11 个 SiCOL 基因，并进行了基因结构分析，结果表明基因长度和内含子数量在基因之间存在明显的变异。利用系统发育分析对谷子和其他植物物种中的 COL 蛋白进行分析表明，它们可以分为三个不同的组。顺式元件分析在 SiCOL 基因启动子区鉴定到与光响应、激素和非生物胁迫相关的元件。此外，组织特异性表达分析表明，11 个 SiCOL 基因在谷子的各种组织和器官中广泛表达，特别是在叶片和穗部。共线性分析在谷子和水稻中鉴定到 14 对同源基因对。结果还表明，在不同光照条件下，SiCOL 基因的转录水平存在昼夜波动。此外，在 11 个基因中，SiCO、SiCOL1 和 SiCOL6 的表达水平与两个谷子品种开花时间变化呈负相关。此外，在构建预测分子相互作用网络时，推测 FLOWER LOCUS-like（FTL）和 Phytochromea A（PHY A）可能与 SiCO、SiCOL1 和 SiCOL6 相互作用。SiCO、SiCOL1 和 SiCOL6 可能参与谷子的开花和抽穗。这项研究增强了我们对谷子 SiCOL 基因家族组成部分在开花和抽穗中的作用和调控的理解，为未来的研究奠定了基础。
