Emergence of Precision Medicine Within Neurological Surgery: Promise and Opportunity.

Within neurosurgery, it has always been important to individualize patient care. In recent years, however, technological advances have brought a new dimension to personalized care as developing methods, including next-generation sequencing, have enabled us to molecularly profile pathologies with increasing scale and resolution. In this review, the authors discuss the history and advances in precision medicine and neurosurgery, focusing both on neuro-oncology, as well as its extension to other neurosurgical subspecialties. They highlight the important roles of neurosurgeons in past work and future work, with the extension of tissue collection and precision medicine principles to additional sample types and disease indications.