Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom.
School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, United Kingdom.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2024 Dec;167:105929. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105929. Epub 2024 Oct 19.
Modern life causes a quarter of adults and half of teenagers to sleep for less than is recommended (Kocevska et al., 2021). Given well-documented benefits of sleep on memory, we must understand the cognitive costs of short sleep. We analysed 125 sleep restriction effect sizes from 39 reports involving 1234 participants. Restricting sleep (3-6.5 hours) compared to normal sleep (7-11 hours) negatively affects memory formation with a small effect size (Hedges' g = 0.29, 95 % CI = [0.13, 0.44]). We detected no evidence for publication bias. When sleep restriction effect sizes were compared with 185 sleep deprivation effect sizes (Newbury et al., 2021) no statistically significant difference was found, suggesting that missing some sleep has similar consequences for memory as not sleeping at all. When the analysis was restricted to post-encoding, rather than pre-encoding, sleep loss, sleep deprivation was associated with larger memory impairment than restriction. Our findings are best accounted for by the sequential hypothesis which emphasises complementary roles of slow-wave sleep and REM sleep for memory.
现代生活导致四分之一的成年人和一半的青少年的睡眠时间少于建议的睡眠时间（Kocevska 等人，2021 年）。鉴于睡眠对记忆有充分记录的益处，我们必须了解睡眠不足的认知代价。我们分析了 39 份报告中的 125 个睡眠限制效应量，这些报告涉及 1234 名参与者。与正常睡眠（7-11 小时）相比，限制睡眠（3-6.5 小时）会对记忆形成产生负面影响，其效应量较小（Hedges' g = 0.29，95%CI = [0.13, 0.44]）。我们没有发现发表偏倚的证据。当将睡眠限制效应量与 185 个睡眠剥夺效应量（Newbury 等人，2021 年）进行比较时，没有发现统计学上的显著差异，这表明错过一些睡眠对记忆的影响与完全不睡觉相似。当分析仅限于编码后而不是编码前的睡眠损失时，与限制睡眠相比，睡眠剥夺与更大的记忆损伤相关。我们的发现最好用强调慢波睡眠和 REM 睡眠对记忆具有互补作用的顺序假说来解释。
