Radey Melissa, Wilke Dina
Florida State University, College of Social Work.
Psychol Violence. 2024 Jan;14(5). doi: 10.1037/vio0000500.
This study used social dominance theory and the Jobs Demands-Resources (JD-R) model to: (1) examine child protective services (CPS) workers' trajectories of client violence, including yelling, threats, and physical violence over job tenure; and (2) assess how demographic characteristics and job attributes contributed to the trajectories.
Using data from a longitudinal study of newly-hired CPS workers ( = 837-859 depending on outcome), we examined trajectories of client violence from 6 months to 3.5 years. Multi-level mixed effect logistic regression was used to examine how demographic variables and time-lagged job attribute predictors (e.g., caseload characteristics, time pressure, role demands) contributed to the occurrence of client violence over time.
Over the study period, the experience of being yelled at declined from 80% to 64%. Being threatened declined from nearly 48% to nearly 39%, while physical violence did not change. Younger and White workers as well as women generally experienced higher rates of non-physical violence. Caseload difficulty, role demands, and time pressure related to higher rates of non-physical violence, while organizational supports were not significant. Physical violence occurred sporadically; time pressure was the only significant variable. The influence of job attributes on each form of violence did not change over time.
The high rates of non-physical violence, particularly during early tenure, suggest the need for providing vulnerable workers the skills to assess for and manage client violence. When violence occurs, developing responsive protocols for CPS workers at all levels can nourish a culture of safety thereby reducing future incidents.
本研究运用社会支配理论和工作需求-资源（JD-R）模型来：（1）考察儿童保护服务（CPS）工作者在工作期间遭受服务对象暴力行为（包括吼叫、威胁和身体暴力）的轨迹；（2）评估人口统计学特征和工作属性如何影响这些轨迹。
利用一项对新入职CPS工作者的纵向研究数据（根据结果不同，样本量n = 837 - 859），我们考察了从6个月到3.5年期间服务对象暴力行为的轨迹。采用多层次混合效应逻辑回归来检验人口统计学变量和滞后的工作属性预测因素（如工作量特征、时间压力、角色需求）如何随着时间的推移导致服务对象暴力行为的发生。
在研究期间，被吼叫的经历从80%降至64%。受到威胁的情况从近48%降至近39%，而身体暴力情况没有变化。年轻工作者、白人工作者以及女性一般遭受非身体暴力的比率更高。工作量难度、角色需求和时间压力与较高的非身体暴力发生率相关，而组织支持则不显著。身体暴力行为偶尔发生；时间压力是唯一显著的变量。工作属性对每种暴力形式的影响不会随时间变化。
非身体暴力发生率较高，尤其是在工作初期，这表明需要为易受伤害的工作者提供评估和管理服务对象暴力行为的技能。当暴力行为发生时，为各级CPS工作者制定应对预案有助于营造安全文化，从而减少未来的事件发生。
