Nath Anita, Taneja Ruchita, Thadi Yamini Saraswathi, Sarveswaran Gokul, Mathur Prashant
ICMR-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan, Kannamangala, Bengaluru 562110, Karnataka, India.
Ecancermedicalscience. 2024 Sep 19;18:1773. doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1773. eCollection 2024.
While cancer stands as a prominent global contributor to mortality, the BRICS countries, which contribute a considerable proportion of the world's economy, also account for a substantial proportion of global cancer-related deaths. The study aims to compile data on the incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of leading cancers in BRICS countries to assess any variations in these parameters.
Indicators such as the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) were abstracted from GLOBOCAN 2022. Global Burden of Disease 2019 provided an overview of DALYs. Additionally, 'Cancer Tomorrow' provided projections for future cancer rates up to 2050.
The findings revealed that Russia had the highest ASIR for both sexes. Among males, leading cancer sites included prostate, lung and colorectum, while India stood out with lip and oral cavity cancer as the primary site. Breast cancer dominated among females in all BRICS countries, except China, where lung cancer took precedence. South Africa recorded the highest ASMR for both sexes, with Russia leading among males and South Africa among females. Lung cancer has been the leading cause of death in all countries except India, where breast cancer leads. Trachea, bronchus and lung cancers contributed the most to DALYs, except in India, where breast cancer prevailed. South Africa and India are anticipated to have the highest increase in new cancer cases and deaths in future.
Breast and lung cancers accounted for the highest incidence, mortality and DALYs in females and males, respectively. Although the BRICS countries anticipate sustained economic growth and have viable cancer control plans, it is essential to investigate cancer risk factors and health systems influencing cancer incidence and outcomes.
癌症是全球主要的死亡原因之一，而金砖国家在世界经济中占相当大的比例，其癌症相关死亡人数在全球也占很大比例。本研究旨在汇总金砖国家主要癌症的发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）数据，以评估这些参数的任何差异。
年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）和年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）等指标摘自《全球癌症报告2022》。《2019年全球疾病负担》提供了DALYs的概述。此外，《明日癌症》提供了到2050年未来癌症发病率的预测。
研究结果显示，俄罗斯男女的ASIR最高。在男性中，主要癌症部位包括前列腺癌、肺癌和结直肠癌，而印度以唇癌和口腔癌为主要部位最为突出。除中国女性中肺癌占主导外，乳腺癌在所有金砖国家女性中占主导地位。南非男女的ASMR最高，俄罗斯在男性中领先，南非在女性中领先。除印度乳腺癌是主要死因外，肺癌在所有国家都是主要死因。气管、支气管和肺癌对DALYs的贡献最大，除印度乳腺癌占主导外。预计南非和印度未来新癌症病例和死亡人数的增幅最高。
乳腺癌和肺癌分别在女性和男性中占最高的发病率、死亡率和DALYs。尽管金砖国家预计经济将持续增长并有可行的癌症控制计划，但调查影响癌症发病率和结果的癌症风险因素和卫生系统至关重要。
