Imran Ali, Alzubadi Hanadi, Ali Mohamed R
Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Kamra Road Attock Punjab, Pakistan.
Department of Mathematics, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 5;10(19):e39018. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39018. eCollection 2024 Oct 15.
Inherited heat enhancement capabilities and their significance in the field of medical sciences and industry make nanofluids the focus of research nowadays. Furthermore, due to the remarkable advancements in bionanotechnology and its significance in biomedical fields such as drug delivery systems, cancer tumor therapy, bioimaging, and many others, it has emerged as a key research area. Contribution of cilia for the flow in ductus efferentes of human male reproductive tract is elaborated. A novel mathematical scheme is presented for the heat and mass transfer of MHD micropolar nanofluid transport in an asymmetric channel lined with cilia. The pertinent equations of nanofluid transport are exposed to lubrication approximation theory and solution for the physical problem is examined with efficient bvp4c technique in MATLAB. Fluid rheology is explored with the variations of different transport parameters like Hartmann number, Grashof number, Brownian motion, buoyancy, thermophoresis and Darcy number. It is reported that nanofluid transport is affected with rise in the Lorentz force and show reverse behavior with rising permeability. The temperature of the nanofluid in ciliated microchannel is raised with enhanced value of Hartmann number, Grashof number, Prandtl number, and Darcy number while diffusion phenomenon of nanofluid is slowed down with these parameters. Spinning motion of the nanofluid is enhanced with Grashof number and slow down with nanoparticle Grashof number and different behavior is recorded for Darcy and viscosity parameters in different flow regime. Reported investigation presents crucial findings for ciliary transport of micropolar nanofluid and tackled with appropriate selection of micropolar parameter, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis and Grashof number. Moreover, this investigation will be handful for cilia-based actuators which work as micro-mixers in controlling the flow in minute bio-sensors and may prove their worth in micro-pumps employed in various drug-delivery systems.
纳米流体所具有的遗传热增强能力及其在医学和工业领域的重要性，使其成为当今研究的焦点。此外，由于生物纳米技术的显著进步及其在生物医学领域（如药物输送系统、癌症肿瘤治疗、生物成像等诸多领域）的重要意义，它已成为一个关键的研究领域。本文阐述了纤毛对人类男性生殖道输出小管中流体流动的作用。提出了一种新颖的数学方案，用于研究在衬有纤毛的非对称通道中磁流体动力学微极纳米流体传输的传热传质问题。将纳米流体传输的相关方程应用于润滑近似理论，并在MATLAB中使用高效的bvp4c技术对物理问题的解进行研究。通过不同传输参数（如哈特曼数、格拉晓夫数、布朗运动、浮力、热泳和达西数）的变化来探索流体流变学。结果表明，纳米流体传输受到洛伦兹力增加的影响，并且随着渗透率的增加呈现相反的行为。在有纤毛的微通道中，纳米流体的温度随着哈特曼数、格拉晓夫数、普朗特数和达西数的增大而升高，而纳米流体的扩散现象随着这些参数而减缓。纳米流体的旋转运动随着格拉晓夫数的增加而增强，随着纳米颗粒格拉晓夫数的增加而减缓，并且在不同的流动状态下，达西参数和粘度参数表现出不同的行为。所报道的研究为微极纳米流体的纤毛传输提供了关键发现，并通过适当选择微极参数（布朗运动参数、热泳和格拉晓夫数）来解决。此外，这项研究对于用作微型混合器以控制微小生物传感器中流体流动的基于纤毛的致动器将是有帮助的，并且可能在各种药物输送系统中使用的微型泵中证明其价值。
