Long Connor C, Dugan John E, Jo Jacob, Williams Kristen L, Jonzzon Soren, Terry Douglas P, Yengo-Kahn Aaron M, Zuckerman Scott L
James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City , Tennessee , USA.
College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis , Tennessee , USA.
Neurosurgery. 2025 Jun 1;96(6):1261-1271. doi: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003225. Epub 2024 Oct 21.
Recovery after sport-related concussion is variable, and potential differences between team vs individual sport athletes are not fully understood. In a cohort of athletes with concussions, we sought to compare these groups across (1) symptom severity score, (2) individual symptom cluster scores, and (3) recovery metrics.
A retrospective, cohort study of 13 to 23-year-old athletes treated at a regional sport concussion center between November 2017 and April 2022 was conducted. Athletes were categorized into team vs individual sport athletes, with additional classification of individual sports based on strong vs minimal team elements (ie, the degree of interdependence displayed by athletes). The primary outcomes were symptom severity score, measured by either the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition or the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing, and physical, cognitive, emotional, and sleep symptom cluster scores. Secondary outcomes were recovery metrics, including time to return-to-learn, symptom resolution, and return-to-play.
Of the 1051 athletes, 954 (90.8%) were in team sports and 97 (9.2%) in individual sports. In multivariable linear regression, individual sport athletes had higher emotional symptom severity compared with team sport athletes (β = 0.09 [0.01, 0.17], P = .034) when adjusting for sex, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, psychological disorders, time to clinic, on-field evaluation, and Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing vs Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 th Edition scale. There were no significant differences in return-to-learn ( P = .104), symptom resolution ( P = .941), or return-to-play ( P = .279) on univariate regressions.
In the current single-center, pilot study of athletes with a sport-related concussion, individual sport athletes exhibited more emotional symptoms than team sport athletes. These preliminary data lend early support that individual sport athletes may be more at risk of emotional symptoms than team sport athletes after a sport-related concussion. Clinicians may use these findings to identify athletes who may be particularly vulnerable to emotional symptoms.
与运动相关的脑震荡后的恢复情况因人而异，团队运动运动员与个人运动运动员之间的潜在差异尚未完全明确。在一组脑震荡运动员中，我们试图比较这些群体在以下方面的情况：（1）症状严重程度评分；（2）个体症状集群评分；（3）恢复指标。
对2017年11月至2022年4月期间在某地区运动脑震荡中心接受治疗的13至23岁运动员进行了一项回顾性队列研究。运动员被分为团队运动运动员和个人运动运动员，并根据团队元素的强弱（即运动员表现出的相互依赖程度）对个人运动进行了额外分类。主要结局指标为症状严重程度评分，通过《运动脑震荡评估工具第5版》或《脑震荡后即刻评估与认知测试》进行测量，以及身体、认知、情绪和睡眠症状集群评分。次要结局指标为恢复指标，包括恢复学习时间、症状缓解情况和恢复比赛情况。
在1051名运动员中，954名（90.8%）参加团队运动，97名（9.2%）参加个人运动。在多变量线性回归中，在调整了性别、注意力缺陷多动障碍、心理障碍、就诊时间、现场评估以及《脑震荡后即刻评估与认知测试》与《运动脑震荡评估工具第5版》量表后，个人运动运动员的情绪症状严重程度高于团队运动运动员（β = 0.09 [0.01, 0.17]，P = 0.034）。单变量回归分析显示，在恢复学习（P = 0.104）、症状缓解（P = 0.941）或恢复比赛（P = 0.279）方面没有显著差异。
在当前这项针对与运动相关脑震荡运动员的单中心初步研究中，个人运动运动员比团队运动运动员表现出更多的情绪症状。这些初步数据初步支持了这样的观点，即与运动相关的脑震荡后，个人运动运动员可能比团队运动运动员更容易出现情绪症状。临床医生可以利用这些发现来识别可能特别容易出现情绪症状的运动员。
