El Husseini Nour, Carter Jared A, Lee Vincent T
Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2024 Dec 18;88(4):e0006622. doi: 10.1128/mmbr.00066-22. Epub 2024 Oct 21.
SUMMARYUrinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in otherwise healthy individuals. UTI is also common in healthcare settings where patients often require urinary catheters to alleviate urinary retention. The placement of a urinary catheter often leads to catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) caused by a broad range of opportunistic pathogens, commonly referred to as ESKAPE (, , , , , and ) pathogens. Our understanding of CAUTI is complicated by the differences in pathogens, in initial microbial load, changes that occur due to the duration of catheterization, and the relationship between infection (colonization) and disease symptoms. To advance our understanding of CAUTI, we reviewed UTI and CAUTI caused by which is unique in that it is not commonly found associated with human microbiomes. For this reason, the ability of to cause UTI and CAUTI requires the introduction of the bacteria to the bladder from catheterization. Once in the host, the virulence factors used by in these infections remain an area of ongoing research. In this review, we will discuss studies that focus on UTI and CAUTI to better understand the infection dynamics and outcome in clinical settings, virulence factors associated with isolated from the urinary tract, and animal studies to test which bacterial factors are required for this infection. Understanding how can cause UTI and CAUTI can provide an understanding of how these infections initiate and progress and may provide possible strategies to limit these infections.
摘要
尿路感染（UTI）是健康个体中最常见的感染之一。在医疗环境中UTI也很常见，在这些环境中患者常常需要导尿管来缓解尿潴留。导尿管的放置常常导致由多种机会性病原体引起的导管相关尿路感染（CAUTI），这些病原体通常被称为ESKAPE（粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌）病原体。我们对CAUTI的理解因病原体差异、初始微生物负荷、导尿持续时间导致的变化以及感染（定植）与疾病症状之间的关系而变得复杂。为了加深我们对CAUTI的理解，我们回顾了由[某种细菌名称未给出]引起的UTI和CAUTI，该细菌的独特之处在于它在人类微生物群中不常见。因此，[该细菌名称未给出]引起UTI和CAUTI的能力需要通过导尿将细菌引入膀胱。一旦进入宿主，[该细菌名称未给出]在这些感染中使用的毒力因子仍是一个正在研究的领域。在本综述中，我们将讨论专注于[该细菌名称未给出]UTI和CAUTI的研究，以便更好地了解临床环境中的感染动态和结果、从尿路分离出的与[该细菌名称未给出]相关的毒力因子，以及用于测试该感染所需细菌因子的动物研究。了解[该细菌名称未给出]如何引起UTI和CAUTI可以帮助我们理解这些感染是如何发生和发展的，并可能提供限制这些感染的可能策略。
