Yan Xianhang, Li Xiaoqiang, Yu Pengtian, Wang Lijun, Zhao Qingwei
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
Chembiochem. 2025 Jan 2;26(1):e202400677. doi: 10.1002/cbic.202400677. Epub 2024 Nov 18.
Nanozymes exhibiting natural enzyme-mimicking catalytic activities as antibacterial agents present several advantages, including high stability, low cost, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, ease of preparation and storage, and minimal bacterial resistance. Consequently, they have attracted significant attention in recent years. However, the rapid expansion of antimicrobial nanozyme research has resulted in pioneering reviews that do not comprehensively address emerging concerns and enhancement strategies within this field. This paper first summarizes the factors influencing the intrinsic activity of nanozymes; subsequently, we outline new research considerations for designing antibacterial nanozymes with enhanced functionality and biosafety features such as degradable, imageable, targeted, and bacterial-binding nanozymes as well as those capable of selectively targeting pathogenic bacteria while sparing normal cells and probiotics. Furthermore, we review novel enhancement strategies involving external physical stimuli (light or ultrasound), the introduction of extrinsic small molecules, and self-supplying HO to enhance the activity of antibacterial nanozymes under physiological conditions characterized by low concentrations of HO and O. Additionally, we present non-redox nanozymes that operate independently of highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) alongside those designed to combat less common pathogenic bacteria. Finally, we discuss current issues, challenges faced in the field, and future prospects for antibacterial nanozymes.
作为抗菌剂表现出天然酶模拟催化活性的纳米酶具有几个优点，包括高稳定性、低成本、广谱抗菌活性、易于制备和储存以及最小的细菌耐药性。因此，它们近年来引起了广泛关注。然而，抗菌纳米酶研究的迅速扩展导致了一些开创性的综述，这些综述没有全面解决该领域中出现的问题和增强策略。本文首先总结了影响纳米酶内在活性的因素；随后，我们概述了设计具有增强功能和生物安全特性的抗菌纳米酶的新研究考虑因素，例如可降解、可成像、靶向和细菌结合纳米酶，以及那些能够选择性靶向病原菌同时不伤害正常细胞和益生菌的纳米酶。此外，我们综述了涉及外部物理刺激（光或超声）、引入外在小分子以及自我供应过氧化氢以在生理条件下（以低浓度的过氧化氢和超氧阴离子为特征）增强抗菌纳米酶活性的新型增强策略。此外，我们介绍了独立于高毒性活性氧（ROS）起作用的非氧化还原纳米酶以及设计用于对抗不太常见病原菌的纳米酶。最后，我们讨论了当前问题、该领域面临的挑战以及抗菌纳米酶的未来前景。
