College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
J Anim Sci. 2024 Jan 3;102. doi: 10.1093/jas/skae324.
Plant essential oils are unstable due to high volatility and easy oxidation, while microencapsulation provides a potentially effective strategy for increasing the stability of natural essential oils and preserving their function. This study examined the effects of feeding coated oregano essential oil and cinnamaldehyde (COEC) compounds on growth, immune organ development, intestinal morphology, mucosal immune function, and the cecal microbiota populations of broilers. Three hundred one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were organized into 5 groups: 1) negative control fed basal diet alone (NC), 2) positive control receiving basal diet plus 50 mg/kg of chlortetracycline (CTC), 3) basal diet plus 150 mg/kg COEC (COEC150), 4) plus 300 mg/kg COEC (COEC300), and 5) plus 450 mg/kg COEC (COEC450). The supplement trial was continued for 42 d. The results showed that CTC, COEC300, and COEC450 treatments decreased the feed conversion ratio of broilers both in the starter and whole experiment phases, increased the height of jejunal villi at 21 d and the number of goblet cells and IgA-producing cells at 21 or 42 d compared with NC group (P < 0.05). Members of the COEC300 treatment group had a higher thymus weight index and jejunum length index than birds of NC or CTC groups at 21 d (P < 0.05). CTC and all COEC treatments decreased malondialdehyde content in jejunal mucosa at 42 d (P < 0.05). The population of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the cecal digesta at 21 d was lower in the CTC, COEC300, and COEC450 treatment groups compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). In contrast to the CTC group, COEC supplementation dose-dependently accelerated body weight gain, improved jejunal morphology, decreased malondialdehyde content in jejunal mucosa, increased numbers of jejunal goblet cells and IgA-producing cells, and decreased the E. coli population in cecal digesta at 21 or 42 d (P < 0.05). Thus, we concluded that feeding broiler chickens with 300 or 450 mg/kg in antibiotic-free diets can improve growth performance, enhance immune responses, and inhibit the proliferation of cecal pathogenic bacteria.
植物精油由于挥发性高、易氧化，所以不稳定，而微胶囊化提供了一种增加天然精油稳定性和保持其功能的潜在有效策略。本研究探讨了给饲包被牛至精油和肉桂醛（COEC）化合物对肉鸡生长、免疫器官发育、肠道形态、黏膜免疫功能和盲肠微生物群的影响。将 300 只 1 日龄雄性 Arbor Acres 肉鸡组织成 5 组：1）负对照组，饲基础日粮（NC）；2）正对照组，饲基础日粮加 50mg/kg 金霉素（CTC）；3）饲基础日粮加 150mg/kg COEC（COEC150）；4）饲基础日粮加 300mg/kg COEC（COEC300）；5）饲基础日粮加 450mg/kg COEC（COEC450）。试验持续 42d。结果表明，CTC、COEC300 和 COEC450 处理在育雏和整个试验阶段降低了肉鸡的饲料转化率，与 NC 组相比，21d 时空肠绒毛高度增加，21 或 42d 时杯状细胞和 IgA 产生细胞数量增加（P<0.05）。COEC300 处理组的胸腺重量指数和空肠长度指数在 21d 时高于 NC 组或 CTC 组（P<0.05）。CTC 和所有 COEC 处理组在 42d 时降低了空肠黏膜丙二醛含量（P<0.05）。21d 时，CTC、COEC300 和 COEC450 处理组盲肠内容物中的大肠杆菌（E.coli）数量低于 NC 组（P<0.05）。与 CTC 组相比，COEC 补充剂剂量依赖性地加速了体重增加，改善了空肠形态，降低了空肠黏膜丙二醛含量，增加了空肠杯状细胞和 IgA 产生细胞的数量，并降低了 21 或 42d 时盲肠内容物中的大肠杆菌数量（P<0.05）。因此，我们得出结论，在无抗生素日粮中给饲肉鸡 300 或 450mg/kg 可以提高生长性能，增强免疫反应，抑制盲肠致病菌的增殖。
