Yang Songwei, Yu Min
Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
J Inflamm Res. 2021 Jul 13;14:3171-3183. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S318327. eCollection 2021.
Goblet cells and the mucus they secrete serve as an important barrier, preventing pathogens from invading the mucosa to cause intestinal inflammation. The perspective regarding goblet cells and mucus has changed, with current evidence suggesting that they are not passive but play a positive role in maintaining intestinal tract immunity and mucosal homeostasis. Goblet cells could obtain luminal antigens, presenting them to the underlying antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that induces adaptive immune responses. Various immunomodulatory factors can promote the differentiation and maturation of goblet cells, and the secretion of mucin. The abnormal proliferation and differentiation of goblet cells, as well as the deficiency synthesis and secretion of mucins, result in intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction. This review provides an extensive outline of the signaling pathways that regulate goblet cell proliferation and differentiation and control mucins synthesis and secretion to elucidate how altering these pathways affects goblet functionality. Furthermore, the interaction between mucins and goblet cells in intestinal mucosal immunology is described. Therefore, the contribution of goblet cells and mucus in promoting gut defense and homeostasis is illustrated, while clarifying the regulatory mechanisms involved may allow the development of new therapeutic strategies for intestinal disorders.
杯状细胞及其分泌的黏液构成了一道重要屏障，可防止病原体侵入黏膜引发肠道炎症。人们对杯状细胞和黏液的认识已经发生了变化，目前有证据表明它们并非被动存在，而是在维持肠道免疫和黏膜稳态方面发挥着积极作用。杯状细胞能够摄取肠腔抗原，并将其呈递给下层的抗原呈递细胞（APC），从而诱导适应性免疫反应。多种免疫调节因子可促进杯状细胞的分化与成熟以及黏蛋白的分泌。杯状细胞的异常增殖与分化，以及黏蛋白合成与分泌的不足，都会导致肠黏膜屏障功能障碍。本综述广泛概述了调节杯状细胞增殖与分化以及控制黏蛋白合成与分泌的信号通路，以阐明改变这些通路如何影响杯状细胞的功能。此外，还描述了黏蛋白与杯状细胞在肠黏膜免疫学中的相互作用。因此，阐述了杯状细胞和黏液在促进肠道防御和稳态方面的作用，同时阐明其中涉及的调节机制可能有助于开发针对肠道疾病的新治疗策略。
