Deng Aihua, Wang Junyue, Li Lai, Shi Ruilin, Li Xuemin, Wen Tingyi
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Dec;11(46):e2404512. doi: 10.1002/advs.202404512. Epub 2024 Oct 22.
Airborne viruses are ubiquitous and play critical roles in maintaining ecosystem balance, however, they remain unexplored. Here, it is aimed to demonstrate that highly diverse airborne viromes carry out specific metabolic functions and use different transmission modes under different air quality conditions. A total of 263.5-Gb data are collected from 13 air samples for viral metagenomic analysis. After assembly and curation, a total of 12 484 viral contigs (1.5-184.2 kb) are assigned to 221 genus-level clades belonging to 47 families, 19 orders, and 15 classes. The composition of viral communities is influenced by weather conditions, with the main biomarker being Caudoviricetes. The most dominant viruses in these air samples belong to the dsDNA Caudoviricetes (54.0%) and ssDNA Repensiviricetes (31.2%) classes. Twelve novel candidate viruses are identified at the order/family/genus levels by alignment of complete genomes and core genes. Notably, Caudoviricetes are highly prevalent in cloudy and smoggy air, whereas Repensiviricetes are highly dominant in sunny and rainy air. Diverse auxiliary metabolic genes of airborne viruses are mainly involved in deoxynucleotide synthesis, implying their unique roles in atmosphere ecosystem. These findings deepen the understanding of the meteorological impacts on viral composition, transmission mode, and ecological roles in the air that we breathe.
空气传播病毒无处不在，在维持生态系统平衡中发挥着关键作用，然而，它们仍未得到充分探索。在此，旨在证明高度多样的空气传播病毒群落执行特定的代谢功能，并在不同空气质量条件下采用不同的传播模式。从13个空气样本中收集了总计263.5Gb的数据用于病毒宏基因组分析。经过组装和整理，共将12484个病毒重叠群（1.5-184.2kb）归为221个属级分支，属于47个科、19个目和15个纲。病毒群落的组成受天气条件影响，主要生物标志物是有尾噬菌体目。这些空气样本中最主要的病毒属于双链DNA有尾噬菌体目（54.0%）和单链DNA Repensiviricetes（31.2%）纲。通过完整基因组和核心基因比对，在目/科/属水平上鉴定出12种新型候选病毒。值得注意的是，有尾噬菌体目在多云和烟雾弥漫的空气中高度流行，而Repensiviricetes在晴天和雨天的空气中占主导地位。空气传播病毒的多种辅助代谢基因主要参与脱氧核苷酸合成，这意味着它们在大气生态系统中具有独特作用。这些发现加深了我们对气象因素对我们所呼吸空气中病毒组成、传播模式和生态作用影响的理解。
