Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey.
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Iğdır, Iğdır, Turkey.
Vet Med Sci. 2024 Nov;10(6):e70087. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70087.
Fatty acids can be protected by changing their structure or form against microbial activity, and the different forms of fatty acids can modulate the ruminal biohydrogenation rate and contribute to the desired fatty acid profile in milk fat.
The study investigated the effects of perilla (Perilla frutescens) dietary supplementation in the diet in different technological forms (seed, oil and formaldehyde-treated oil) on milk, plasma and ruminal fatty acid composition, and milk quality in lactating goats.
The four dietary treatments consisted of (1) no supplementation, basal diet (CON); (2) perilla supplementation as seed at 44.7 g/kg (consisting of 20 g/kg oil (PS)); (3) perilla supplementation as oil at 20 g/kg (PO); (4) perilla supplementation as formaldehyde treated oil at 20 g/kg (protected perilla oil [PPO]). The experiment was implemented in a double 4 × 4 Latin square trial design, and sampling was carried out for 7 days after 21 days of adaptation.
Performance parameters were not affected by P. frutescens supplementation to the diet. PO decreased milk fat, whereas PPO increased milk fat. Milk cholesterol was not affected by P. frutescens dietary supplementation. Perilla oil supplementation in different forms to the diet did not affect ruminal pH, VFA and methane production. Perilla oil supplementation in different forms to the diet did not also affect the concentration of blood serum glucose, cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids. Perilla supplementation to the diet increased the milk conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), C18:3n-3, C22:5n-3, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3 and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations, and PPO group showed the greatest values. Ruminal palmitic (C16:0) acid was decreased, and in perilla groups, stearic acid (C18:0) concentration had the lowest, and ruminal c-9, t-11 CLA concentration had the highest value in PPO.
It has been found that the most effective form of perilla oil in increasing milk quality is that with formaldehyde treatment (protected form). Perilla oil, which is a rich source of omega 3 in the diet, can be used to increase milk quality in goats without adversely affecting performance, ruminal fermentation and blood parameters.
脂肪酸可以通过改变其结构或形式来防止微生物的活性，不同形式的脂肪酸可以调节瘤胃生物氢化率，并有助于牛奶脂肪中所需的脂肪酸谱。
本研究探讨了不同技术形式（种子、油和甲醛处理油）的紫苏（Perilla frutescens）日粮补充对泌乳山羊乳、血浆和瘤胃脂肪酸组成及乳品质的影响。
四种日粮处理包括（1）不添加，基础日粮（CON）；（2）紫苏补充剂以种子形式添加 44.7g/kg（包含 20g/kg 油（PS）；（3）以油的形式添加紫苏补充剂 20g/kg（PO）；（4）以甲醛处理油的形式添加紫苏补充剂 20g/kg（保护紫苏油 [PPO]）。试验采用双 4×4 拉丁方试验设计进行，适应期 21 天后进行 7 天采样。
紫苏补充剂对日粮没有影响。PO 降低了乳脂，而 PPO 增加了乳脂。日粮中添加紫苏油对乳胆固醇没有影响。日粮中添加紫苏油的不同形式对瘤胃 pH、VFA 和甲烷产生没有影响。日粮中添加紫苏油的不同形式对血清葡萄糖、胆固醇和非酯化脂肪酸的浓度也没有影响。日粮中添加紫苏油增加了乳共轭亚油酸（CLA）、C18:3n-3、C22:5n-3、C20:5n-3、C22:6n-3 和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的浓度，PPO 组的浓度最高。瘤胃棕榈酸（C16:0）减少，紫苏组硬脂酸（C18:0）浓度最低，PPO 组瘤胃 c-9，t-11 CLA 浓度最高。
研究发现，增加乳品质最有效的紫苏油形式是甲醛处理形式（保护形式）。紫苏油是饮食中ω-3 的丰富来源，可用于提高山羊的乳品质，而不会对性能、瘤胃发酵和血液参数产生不利影响。
