Tian X Z, Xu Y Q, Qin J X, Wang X, Xie S L, Chen R, Lu Q, Chen X
Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China.
Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China.
J Dairy Sci. 2025 Mar;108(3):2407-2421. doi: 10.3168/jds.2024-25366. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
The transfer of natural antioxidants from feed to milk has become a research hotspot. Polyphenols are a source of potent natural antioxidants that may play important roles in improving antioxidant activity and milk quality in dairy goats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of polyphenol-rich coix seed extract (CSE) on rumen fermentation, milk production, fatty acid profile, antioxidant activity, and polyphenol content in milk from lactating dairy goats. Forty dairy goats were allocated to 4 treatments, and the treatments containing 0, 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 g of CSE per kilogram of TMR. The results indicated that the ruminal fluid total VFA level increased linearly and quadratically, the acetic acid concentration and acetate:propionate ratio decreased quadratically, and the propionic acid level increased quadratically with increasing CSE concentration. An increase in dietary CSE linearly and quadratically increased milk production parameters, and quadratically increased milk protein, lactose, and SNF. The concentrations of C18:3n-3, C20:3n-3, and C22:5n-3 in milk were affected by the treatment, and increased quadratically, whereas those of C18:2n-6c, C20:3n-6, and C20:4n-6 decreased quadratically with increasing CSE. An increase in the concentration of CSE in the diet linearly and quadratically increased 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity in plasma and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) activities in milk. The levels of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, apigenin, kaempferol, and bergapten in milk were affected by the treatment, and linearly and quadratically increased with increasing dietary CSE levels. Significant positive correlations were detected between TAC, CAT, and DPPH scavenging activity and gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, and bergapten, and positive correlations were detected between CAT and DPPH scavenging activity and catechin concentration in milk. In addition, significant positive correlations were detected between DPPH scavenging activity in plasma and TAC, DPPH scavenging activity in milk. Taken together, these findings indicate that dietary supplementation with CSE appears to be a promising strategy for improving the production performance of lactating dairy goats. Overall, the appropriate supplemental level of CSE was 1.5 g/kg in dairy goats under the conditions of the current experiment.
天然抗氧化剂从饲料向牛奶的转移已成为研究热点。多酚是一类强大的天然抗氧化剂来源，可能在提高奶山羊的抗氧化活性和牛奶品质方面发挥重要作用。本研究的目的是评估富含多酚的薏苡仁提取物（CSE）对泌乳奶山羊瘤胃发酵、产奶量、脂肪酸组成、抗氧化活性以及牛奶中多酚含量的影响。40只奶山羊被分配到4种处理组，各处理组每千克全混合日粮（TMR）中CSE的添加量分别为0、1.5、3.0或4.5克。结果表明，随着CSE浓度增加，瘤胃液中总挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）水平呈线性和二次方增加，乙酸浓度和乙酸:丙酸比值呈二次方下降，丙酸水平呈二次方增加。日粮中CSE增加使产奶量参数呈线性和二次方增加，使牛奶蛋白质、乳糖和非脂固形物（SNF）呈二次方增加。牛奶中C18:3n-3、C20:3n-3和C22:5n-3的浓度受处理影响，呈二次方增加，而C18:2n-6c、C20:3n-6和C20:4n-6的浓度随CSE增加呈二次方下降。日粮中CSE浓度增加使血浆中2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）清除活性、牛奶中总抗氧化能力（TAC）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性呈线性和二次方增加。牛奶中没食子酸、原儿茶酸、儿茶素、芹菜素、山奈酚和异茴芹素的水平受处理影响，随日粮CSE水平增加呈线性和二次方增加。TAC、CAT和DPPH清除活性与没食子酸、原儿茶酸、芹菜素、山奈酚和异茴芹素之间检测到显著正相关，CAT和DPPH清除活性与牛奶中儿茶素浓度之间检测到正相关。此外，血浆中DPPH清除活性与TAC、牛奶中DPPH清除活性之间检测到显著正相关。综上所述，这些结果表明日粮添加CSE似乎是提高泌乳奶山羊生产性能的一种有前景的策略。总体而言，在当前实验条件下，奶山羊CSE的适宜添加水平为1.5克/千克。
