Woo Hye Won, Hong Sangmo, Shin Min-Ho, Koh Sang Baek, Kim Hyeon Chang, Kim Yu-Mi, Kim Mi Kyung
Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024083. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2024083. Epub 2024 Oct 17.
Dietary soy, known for its high phytoestrogen content, has been suggested to exhibit a sex-specific association with type 2 diabetes. However, evidence regarding the sex-specific associations of different legume subtypes with type 2 diabetes remains scarce. We aimed to evaluate whether habitual consumption of soy and non-soy legumes (beans and peanuts) was prospectively and sex-specifically associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes incidence, taking into considering significant sex-specific genetic factors beyond legume consumption.
A total of 16,666 participants (96,945 person-years) were followed and 945 incident cases were observed. Cumulative intake of legume subtypes was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline and during the revisit surveys.
Non-soy legumes are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes in both men and women. Dietary soy intake, however, demonstrated a unilaterally interacting sex-specific association with type 2 diabetes risk (pinteraction for sex=0.017). Specifically, there was a significant inverse association with type 2 diabetes risk in women (incidence rate ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.48 to 0.80; ptrend=0.007), but no such association was observed in men. This sex-specific association persisted and even appeared antagonistic in minor allele carriers of 2 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs10196939 (LRRTM4) and rs11750158 (near GFPT2) (pinteraction for sex=0.001 and 0.011, respectively).
Habitual consumption of legumes shows protective impacts against type 2 diabetes, although these benefits vary by sex. Non-soy legumes provide health advantages for both men and women, whereas soy consumption seems to be beneficial exclusively for women.
膳食大豆因其高植物雌激素含量而闻名，有人提出它与2型糖尿病存在性别特异性关联。然而，关于不同豆类亚型与2型糖尿病的性别特异性关联的证据仍然很少。我们旨在评估大豆和非大豆类豆类（豆类和花生）的习惯性消费是否与2型糖尿病发病风险存在前瞻性和性别特异性关联，同时考虑到除豆类消费外的重要性别特异性遗传因素。
共随访了16666名参与者（96945人年），观察到945例新发病例。使用在基线和复诊调查时发放的食物频率问卷计算豆类亚型的累积摄入量。
非大豆类豆类与男性和女性的2型糖尿病均呈负相关。然而，膳食大豆摄入量与2型糖尿病风险呈现出单方面相互作用的性别特异性关联（性别交互作用p=0.017）。具体而言，女性中与2型糖尿病风险存在显著负相关（发病率比，0.66；95%置信区间，0.48至0.80；趋势p=0.007），但男性中未观察到此类关联。这种性别特异性关联在2个新的单核苷酸多态性rs10196939（LRRTM4）和rs11750158（靠近GFPT2）的次要等位基因携带者中持续存在，甚至表现出拮抗作用（性别交互作用p分别为0.001和0.011）。
习惯性食用豆类对2型糖尿病有保护作用，尽管这些益处因性别而异。非大豆类豆类对男性和女性都有健康益处，而食用大豆似乎仅对女性有益。
