Increased Resting-State BOLD Turnover (TBOLD) is Associated With Decreased Cognitive Performance During Aging.

Increasing evidence documents turnover of the resting-state blood-oxygen-level dependent signal (TBOLD) as a key measure of local cortical brain status. Here we evaluated contemporaneous and lagged associations between TBOLD and cognitive function in 711 participants in the Human Connectome Project on Aging (HCP-A; 316 males and 395 females, age range 36-90 years). We found that TBOLD was negatively associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Total scores and with performance on 2 subscales, Delayed Recall and Visuospatial/Executive Function, controlling for sex, age, and handedness. This negative association was largely documented across brain areas and was significantly stronger in the left hemisphere compared to the right. In addition, analyses evaluating forward lagged crosscorrelations between TBOLD and cognitive performance demonstrated that TBOLD predicted decrements in future performance on MoCA Total score, Delayed Recall, and Visuospatial/Executive Function subscales, controlling for sex and handedness. Taken together, we found that increased TBOLD is associated with decreased cognitive performance contemporaneously and in the future. On the hypothesis that increased TBOLD is the outcome of neuroinflammatory processes, these findings provide a mechanism linking neuroinflammation with decreased cognitive performance.