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不受欢迎的回归:分析美国近期麻疹病例的上升情况。

Unwelcome return: analyzing the recent rise of measles cases in the United States.

作者信息

Kumar Siddharth, Singh Surender, Bansal Vasu, Gupta Vasu, Jain Rohit

机构信息

Department of Internal Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

出版信息

Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2024 Aug 21;37(6):958-962. doi: 10.1080/08998280.2024.2384019. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Measles is a highly contagious viral illness mainly affecting the younger population worldwide despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. The disease is caused by measles virus, a member of the family, which is transmitted through aerosols and respiratory droplets. Widespread vaccination has led to a significant decline in morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, recent years have witnessed a resurgence of outbreaks in the United States, highlighting barriers in achieving and sustaining elimination goals. The measles and rubella elimination initiative, under Immunization Agenda 2030, required at least 5 World Health Organization regions to achieve measles elimination by 2020, but none of the regions met these goals. Vaccine hesitancy, virus importation via international travel, and waning immunity are considered contributing factors to the recent surge of measles outbreaks. This review highlights the challenges in the pursuit of measles eradication and the importance of a multidimensional approach involving public health interventions.

摘要

尽管有安全有效的疫苗,但麻疹是一种高度传染性的病毒性疾病,主要影响全球的年轻人群体。该疾病由麻疹病毒引起,麻疹病毒属于 科的一员,通过气溶胶和呼吸道飞沫传播。广泛接种疫苗已导致全球发病率和死亡率大幅下降;然而,近年来美国麻疹疫情有所反弹,凸显了在实现和维持消除目标方面存在的障碍。《2030年免疫议程》下的麻疹和风疹消除倡议要求至少5个世界卫生组织区域到2020年实现麻疹消除,但没有一个区域实现这些目标。疫苗犹豫、通过国际旅行输入病毒以及免疫力下降被认为是近期麻疹疫情激增的促成因素。本综述强调了在追求消除麻疹方面面临的挑战以及采取涉及公共卫生干预措施的多维度方法的重要性。

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