Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
Curr Opin Virol. 2019 Feb;34:110-116. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.01.002. Epub 2019 Mar 7.
The measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine has an outstanding safety record and is highly efficacious. High coverage with MMR has led to the elimination of endemic measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome in the US. The biggest challenges to global measles and rubella control and elimination are insufficient vaccination coverage globally and increasing hesitancy. Despite high two dose coverage rates, mumps has made a resurgence in the US and other countries. Mumps outbreaks have occurred primarily in close contact, high-density settings and most cases had received a second dose 10 or more years previously. Waning humoral immunity and antigenic variation of circulating wild-type mumps strains may play a role in the mumps resurgence.
麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）疫苗具有出色的安全性记录和高度的功效。在美国，高覆盖率的 MMR 疫苗接种已经消除了麻疹、风疹和先天性风疹综合征的地方性流行。全球麻疹和风疹控制和消除面临的最大挑战是全球疫苗接种覆盖率不足和接种意愿增加。尽管两剂疫苗的覆盖率很高，但在美国和其他国家，腮腺炎仍有死灰复燃的趋势。腮腺炎疫情主要发生在密切接触、高密度的环境中，大多数病例在 10 年或更早之前接种了第二剂疫苗。体液免疫的衰减和循环野毒株的抗原变异可能在腮腺炎疫情的再次出现中发挥了作用。
