Dong Chiheng, Xu Qingjin, Ma Yanwei
Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology, Jinan 250013, China.
Natl Sci Rev. 2024 Mar 30;11(11):nwae122. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwae122. eCollection 2024 Nov.
High magnetic fields play a crucial role in advancing basic sciences, fusion energy, and magnetic resonance imaging systems. However, the widespread use of high-field magnets requires affordable high-temperature superconducting wires that can carry large supercurrents. Iron-based superconductors offer an economically attractive solution to push forward important yet costly scientific programs, such as nuclear fusion reactors and next-generation particle accelerators. In this review, we start with the fabrication of iron-based superconducting wires and tapes and continue to discuss several key factors governing the current transport properties. State-of-the-art wires and tapes are introduced with emphasis on grain boundary characteristics, flux pinning, and anisotropy. The architecture of flexible conductors enables low cost, high mechanical strength, and high thermal stability. Recent progress in practical applications, including superconducting joints and insert coils, is also reviewed. Finally, we propose several key questions faced by iron-based superconductors in future practical applications.
强磁场在推动基础科学、聚变能源和磁共振成像系统发展方面发挥着关键作用。然而，高场磁体的广泛应用需要能够承载大超导电流的经济实惠的高温超导电线。铁基超导体为推进重要但成本高昂的科学项目（如核聚变反应堆和下一代粒子加速器）提供了具有经济吸引力的解决方案。在本综述中，我们从铁基超导电线和带材的制造开始，继续讨论影响电流传输特性的几个关键因素。介绍了最先进的电线和带材，重点关注晶界特性、磁通钉扎和各向异性。柔性导体的结构具有低成本、高机械强度和高热稳定性。还综述了包括超导接头和插入线圈在内的实际应用的最新进展。最后，我们提出了铁基超导体在未来实际应用中面临的几个关键问题。
