Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics Ana Aslan, Bucharest, Romania.
J Med Life. 2024 Jul;17(7):746-754. doi: 10.25122/jml-2024-0274.
Influenza affects millions globally each year, often causing severe complications, hospitalizations, and deaths, particularly among the elderly. As the global population ages, infections will pose a growing health risk. Annual vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent influenza and its complications. After the age of 65, people suffering from chronic diseases become the majority of this population category. All the data support that most of the population over 65 years old, whose immune system goes through immunosenescence, presents multimorbidity, requiring age-appropriate anti-influenza protection. The immune response to the traditional influenza vaccine has been proven to be lower in the elderly, highlighting the need for a more immunogenic vaccine specifically tailored to the elderly population group. Therefore, high-dose (HD) influenza vaccines have demonstrated their safety and are more effective in preventing influenza and its associated complications compared to standard-dose (SD) vaccines in the elderly in the context of immunosenescence. These recommendations focus on the safety, effectiveness, and efficacy of HD influenza vaccines, adapted to the elderly and available on the Romanian market, to increase the vaccination rate and, thus, protect against influenza infection and its complications. Therefore, strategies such as increased accessibility and free immunizations, as well as ensuring that flu vaccines for the elderly are prescribed without restrictions based on the number of comorbidities, should be used.
每年全球有数百万人感染流感,常导致严重并发症、住院和死亡,尤其是老年人。随着全球人口老龄化,感染将构成越来越大的健康风险。每年接种疫苗仍然是预防流感及其并发症最有效的方法。65 岁以上的人群中,患有慢性病的人成为该人群的大多数。所有数据都支持,大多数 65 岁以上的人群的免疫系统经历免疫衰老,呈现出多种并存疾病,需要针对这一人群群体的、适合年龄的抗流感保护。事实证明,老年人对传统流感疫苗的免疫反应较低,这突出表明需要一种更具免疫原性的疫苗,专门针对老年人群体。因此,与免疫衰老相关的情况下,与标准剂量 (SD) 疫苗相比,高剂量 (HD) 流感疫苗已被证明在预防流感及其相关并发症方面更安全、更有效。这些建议侧重于适用于罗马尼亚市场的、针对老年人的 HD 流感疫苗的安全性、有效性和功效,以提高疫苗接种率,从而预防流感感染及其并发症。因此,应采用增加可及性和免费接种等策略,并确保根据并存疾病的数量无限制地为老年人开具流感疫苗。