Hearing and Speech Sciences Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2024 Oct 1;156(4):2851-2859. doi: 10.1121/10.0029020.
Cochlear implants (CIs) provide precise temporal information that listeners use to understand speech. Other acoustic cues are not conveyed as precisely, making unambiguous temporal speech cues vital to a listener's ability to understand speech. Several speech sounds are differentiated by small differences in the timing of acoustic features. Previous studies have shown differences in the perception of these differences, depending on whether the speech sound was heard in a single word or embedded in a sentence. This study expands on previous research by exploring forward masking as a possible contributor to the mechanisms driving the effects observed when temporal cues were embedded in sentences. Listeners using CIs performed a phoneme categorization task on words from four continua that each varied mainly on a single temporal dimension. The differentiating phonemes were located at the beginning of the word in two continua and at the end of the word in two others. Silent intervals of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ms between the preceding sentence and the target words were tested. Results showed an increasing effect on performance as the inter-stimulus interval duration decreased for the two word-initial phonemic contrasts, lending support to forward masking as an influence on speech understanding.
人工耳蜗为听力障碍患者提供了精确的时间信息,帮助他们理解言语。其他声学线索的传递则不那么精确,因此,清晰的时间言语线索对听力障碍患者理解言语至关重要。一些语音是通过声学特征的时间差异来区分的。先前的研究表明,这些差异的感知取决于语音是在单个单词中听到还是嵌入在句子中。本研究通过探索前向掩蔽作为一种可能的机制,扩展了先前的研究,该机制可以解释在句子中嵌入时间线索时观察到的效应。使用人工耳蜗的听力障碍患者在四个连续体上进行了语音分类任务,每个连续体主要在一个单一的时间维度上有所不同。在两个连续体中,区分音位位于单词的开头,而在另外两个连续体中,区分音位位于单词的末尾。在目标词之前的句子和目标词之间的无声间隔为 0、25、50、75 和 100ms。结果表明,对于两个词首音位对比,随着刺激间间隔持续时间的减少,性能的影响逐渐增大,这支持了前向掩蔽对言语理解的影响。