基层医疗专业人员对社区活动的知识、态度和实践：一项描述性研究。
Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of primary care professionals regarding community activities: a descriptive study.
作者信息
Mosteiro-Miguéns Diego G, Zapata-Cachafeiro Maruxa, Novío Silvia, Vieito-Pérez Natalia, Alfonso-González Tania, Rodríguez-Fernández Almudena
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, C/ San Francisco, s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Galician Public Healthcare Service, Healthcare Centre of Concepción Arenal, C/ Santiago León de Caracas, 12, 15701, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
出版信息
Fam Pract. 2025 Feb 7;42(2). doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmae056.
BACKGROUND
Promoting health via a community approach is one of the most effective strategies for reducing the current incidence of chronic diseases. Primary care (PC), through the implementation of community activities (CA), has the potential to achieve this goal. Yet the implementation of CA at health centers is not standardized and is often thanks only to the voluntariness of health professionals.
OBJECTIVE
To ascertain the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of PC professionals regarding the implementation of CA.
METHODS
We carried out a cross-sectional study by circulating a self-administered online questionnaire on CA, across the period December 2022 through June 2023 in Galicia (Spain). All health professionals working in the Galician Health Service PC setting were invited to participate.
RESULTS
A total of 521 health professionals participated in the study. They included all types of PC health professionals (physicians, general and specialist nurses -midwives, pediatrics, family and community, mental health- and social workers), including residents in training. Only 14.8% and 12.5% of professionals correctly identified CAs and social prescription (SPr) interventions, respectively. Furthermore, 93.9% recognized that the development of CA in health centers was deficient. Despite this, 76.5% showed a good attitude toward participation in CA.
CONCLUSIONS
PC professionals find it difficult to identify CA and SPr interventions. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the training of these professionals in the implementation of CA with a view to enhancing population health, reducing the incidence of chronic diseases, and helping lessen the healthcare burden of the health system.
背景
通过社区途径促进健康是降低当前慢性病发病率最有效的策略之一。初级保健（PC）通过开展社区活动（CA）有潜力实现这一目标。然而，健康中心开展社区活动的方式并不规范，且往往仅依赖于卫生专业人员的自愿性。
目的
确定初级保健专业人员在开展社区活动方面的知识、态度和实践情况。
方法
我们于2022年12月至2023年6月期间在西班牙加利西亚通过在线发放一份关于社区活动的自填式问卷进行了一项横断面研究。邀请了所有在加利西亚卫生服务初级保健机构工作的卫生专业人员参与。
结果
共有521名卫生专业人员参与了该研究。他们包括各类初级保健卫生专业人员（医生、普通和专科护士——助产士、儿科、家庭和社区、心理健康——以及社会工作者），包括正在接受培训的住院医师。分别只有14.8%和12.5%的专业人员正确识别了社区活动和社会处方（SPr）干预措施。此外，93.9%的人认为健康中心社区活动的开展存在不足。尽管如此，76.5%的人对参与社区活动表现出积极态度。
结论
初级保健专业人员难以识别社区活动和社会处方干预措施。因此，有必要加强这些专业人员在开展社区活动方面的培训，以改善人群健康状况、降低慢性病发病率，并减轻卫生系统的医疗负担。
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