Jin Qi, Wang Zhangzhao, Li Junjing, Zhang Hexi, Liu Mengxin, Wang Chunxi, Guo Wenxing, Zhang Wanqi
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, #22 Qixiangtai Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research On Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Oct 23. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04420-0.
The relationship between high water iodine levels and thyroid dysfunction in the elderly remains poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate how excessive iodine in drinking water affects iodine nutrition and thyroid function in the elderly population. This cross-sectional study was performed in the elderly in Yuncheng, Heze, Shandong. We identified a total of 385 patients with thyroid dysfunction and 385 propensity score-matched controls with euthyroid. Water, urinary, and blood samples were collected to detect the concentrations of iodine in water and urine, as well as thyroid hormones. The median (IQR) iodine concentrations in cooking water and drinking water for the total population were 294.99 (48.99, 478.14) µg/L and 172.87 (20.87, 462.13) µg/L, respectively. Among the elderly, median (IQR) urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 394.20 (169.47, 764.41) µg/L, and 24-h urinary iodine concentration (24-h UIE) was 523.04 (277.84, 910.76) µg/day. Subjects with thyroid dysfunction reported higher intake of iodine from water (P < 0.001) and urinary iodine levels (P < 0.001) than controls. Logistic regression analysis showed thyroid dysfunction was associated with higher risks of elevated iodine concentrations in cooking water (OR 1.957, 95% CI 1.413-2.711), drinking water (OR 2.206, 95% CI 1.607-3.027), UIC (OR 3.612, 95% CI 2.494-5.230), and 24-h UIE (OR 2.568, 95% CI 1.784-3.698), indicating increased thyroid dysfunction risk among the elderly with high water iodine levels. Elevated iodine levels in water are associated with an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction among the elderly. Clinical trial registry number: Medical Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University; Trial registration number: NCT05716191, date of registration was December 08, 2023.
高水碘水平与老年人甲状腺功能障碍之间的关系仍未得到充分理解。本研究旨在阐明饮用水中过量碘如何影响老年人群的碘营养和甲状腺功能。这项横断面研究在山东运城、菏泽的老年人中进行。我们共确定了385例甲状腺功能障碍患者和385例倾向得分匹配的甲状腺功能正常对照者。采集了水、尿液和血液样本，以检测水和尿液中的碘浓度以及甲状腺激素。总体人群烹饪用水和饮用水中碘浓度的中位数（四分位间距）分别为294.99（48.99，478.14）μg/L和172.87（20.87，462.13）μg/L。在老年人中，尿碘浓度（UIC）中位数（四分位间距）为394.20（169.47，764.41）μg/L，24小时尿碘浓度（24-h UIE）为523.04（277.84，910.76）μg/天。甲状腺功能障碍患者报告的水中碘摄入量（P < 0.001）和尿碘水平（P < 0.001）均高于对照组。逻辑回归分析显示，甲状腺功能障碍与烹饪用水（OR 1.957，95%CI 1.413 - 2.711）、饮用水（OR 2.206，95%CI 1.607 - 3.027）、UIC（OR 3.612，95%CI 2.494 - 5.230）和24-h UIE（OR 2.568，95%CI 1.784 - 3.698）碘浓度升高的风险相关，表明水碘水平高的老年人甲状腺功能障碍风险增加。水中碘水平升高与老年人甲状腺功能障碍风险增加相关。临床试验注册号：天津医科大学医学伦理委员会；试验注册号：NCT05716191，注册日期为2023年12月08日。
