Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
Guangdong Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Oct 29;121(44):e2415398121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2415398121. Epub 2024 Oct 23.
Many types of viruses infect insects and other arthropods. In contrast, little is known about how arthropods sense viruses, although several innate immune pathways including Toll have antiviral functions. Large DNA viruses in the family are used to control a number of pest insects. Here, we studied and Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) to test the hypothesis that one or more myeloid differentiation-like (ML) proteins and Toll family members sense baculoviruses. We identified 11 ML and 12 Toll genes in the genome. A series of experiments indicated that ML protein 11 (SlML-11) binds the budded form of AcMNPV and partners with Toll5 (SlToll5). SlML-11 also bound sphingomyelin (SPM), which is a component of the virion envelope. Disabling SlML-11 and SlToll5 increased susceptibility to infection, while priming larvae with SPM reduced susceptibility as measured by increased survival to the adult stage and clearance of AcMNPV from individuals that emerged as adults. We conclude that SPM is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecule while SlML-11 and SlToll5 interact to function as a pattern recognition receptor that senses AcMNPV.
许多类型的病毒感染昆虫和其他节肢动物。相比之下，人们对节肢动物如何感知病毒知之甚少，尽管包括 Toll 在内的几种先天免疫途径具有抗病毒功能。杆状病毒科的大型 DNA 病毒被用于控制许多害虫。在这里，我们研究了苜蓿银纹夜蛾核多角体病毒（AcMNPV），以测试一种或多种髓样分化样（ML）蛋白和 Toll 家族成员感知杆状病毒的假设。我们在基因组中鉴定了 11 种 ML 和 12 种 Toll 基因。一系列实验表明，ML 蛋白 11（SlML-11）结合 AcMNPV 的出芽形式，并与 Toll5（SlToll5）形成伙伴关系。SlML-11 还结合了神经鞘磷脂（SPM），它是病毒包膜的组成部分。SlML-11 和 SlToll5 的失活会增加对感染的敏感性，而用 SPM 对幼虫进行预处理会降低对成虫阶段的敏感性，并且可以清除从成虫中出现的个体中的 AcMNPV。我们得出的结论是，SPM 是一种病原体相关的分子模式分子，而 SlML-11 和 SlToll5 相互作用作为一种模式识别受体来感知 AcMNPV。
