Ikeda Daisuke, Aikawa Shuichi, Misono Chiho, Oura Mitsuaki, Fujii Fuminari, Sakuma Hajime, Toho Masanori, Uehara Atsushi, Tabata Rikako, Narita Kentaro, Takeuchi Masami, Watari Tomohisa, Otsuka Yoshihito, Matsue Kosei
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan.
Blood. 2025 Jan 30;145(5):526-532. doi: 10.1182/blood.2024026028.
Soluble B-cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) is elevated on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We investigated whether sBCMA levels correlated with other myeloma tumor volume indicators and its utility in monitoring oligosecretory/nonsecretory (O-S/Non-S) MM. In 115 patients with newly diagnosed MM, sBCMA was compared with M-protein levels, bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and total diffusion volume (tDV; estimated by whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging) at diagnosis. sBCMA levels increased significantly with International Staging System stage, chromosome 1q21 gain/amplification, and CTC levels. sBCMA also correlated strongly with %BMPC (r = 0.65) and moderately with tDV (r = 0.55) and paraprotein levels (involved immunoglobulin in IgG and IgA subtypes, r = 0.44 and 0.4; involved free light-chain levels in light-chain-only MM, r = 0.61, all P < .05). Longitudinal changes in sBCMA were consistent with disease status in both 17 O-S/Non-S and other secretory MM cases. Furthermore, sBCMA levels increased as early as 6 months prerelapse in almost all O-S/Non-S relapsed patients. Thus, sBCMA correlates strongly with total tumor volume in MM, as assessed using different modalities. We suggest that sBCMA is useful, not only for monitoring responses in patients with O-S/Non-S MM but also for early relapse detection and prediction.
可溶性B细胞成熟抗原（sBCMA）在多发性骨髓瘤（MM）细胞上表达升高。我们研究了sBCMA水平是否与其他骨髓瘤肿瘤体积指标相关，以及其在监测寡分泌/无分泌（O-S/Non-S）型MM中的作用。在115例新诊断的MM患者中，比较了诊断时sBCMA与M蛋白水平、骨髓浆细胞（BMPC）、循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）以及全身扩散体积（tDV；通过全身扩散加权磁共振成像估计）。sBCMA水平随国际分期系统分期、1q21染色体获得/扩增以及CTC水平显著升高。sBCMA还与%BMPC密切相关（r = 0.65），与tDV中度相关（r = 0.55），与副蛋白水平也中度相关（IgG和IgA亚型中的受累免疫球蛋白，r = 0.44和0.4；仅轻链型MM中的受累游离轻链水平，r = 0.61，所有P <.05）。在17例O-S/Non-S型和其他分泌型MM病例中，sBCMA的纵向变化均与疾病状态一致。此外，几乎所有O-S/Non-S型复发患者在复发前6个月时sBCMA水平就已升高。因此，通过不同方式评估，sBCMA与MM中的总肿瘤体积密切相关。我们认为，sBCMA不仅有助于监测O-S/Non-S型MM患者的反应，还可用于早期复发的检测和预测。
