甜菜碱和B族维生素摄入量、谷胱甘肽浓度以及亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（MTHFR）、磷脂酰乙醇胺N-甲基转移酶（PEMT）和亚甲基四氢叶酸脱氢酶1（MTHFD1）基因分型与波兰成年人的糖尿病相关参数有关。

Betaine and B Intake, Glutathione Concentration, and MTHFR, PEMT, and MTHFD1 Genotypes Are Associated with Diabetes-Related Parameters in Polish Adults.

作者信息

Mlodzik-Czyzewska Monika A, Szwengiel Artur, Chmurzynska Agata

机构信息

Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.

Department of Fermentation and Biosynthesis, Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2025 Jan;155(1):111-121. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.036. Epub 2024 Oct 21.

DOI:10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.036

PMID:39442756

Abstract

BACKGROUND

There is a growing body of evidence on associations between one-carbon metabolism (OCM) and diabetes-related parameters.

OBJECTIVES

For this reason, we aimed to examine the associations of plasma choline, betaine, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), glutathione (GSH), serum folate, vitamin B12, dihydrofolate reductase (rs70991108) genotype, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (rs180113) genotype, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) (rs2236225) genotype, and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (rs7946 and rs12325817) genotype with fasting glucose level, insulin level, and diabetes-related indices.

METHODS

The study group consisted of 421 Polish adults aged 20-40 y. Food intake was assessed using a 3-d food diary. Plasma concentrations of choline, betaine, and TMAO were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The total plasma GSH level was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Insulin, folate, and vitamin B12 concentrations were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Genotyping was performed with TaqMan probes.

RESULTS

GSH level was negatively associated with insulin (β = -0.11, P < 0.05) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGTP) (β = -0.12, P < 0.05), and positively associated with fasting glucose (β = 0.11, P < 0.05). Betaine intake was negatively associated with serum insulin concentration (β = -0.13, P < 0.05) and HOMA-IR (β = -0.12, P < 0.05). Choline intake was negatively associated with insulin (β = -0.17, P < 0.01). Serum folate level was negatively associated with GGTP (β = -0.11; P < 0.05). The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) CC genotype was associated with higher serum insulin levels (β = 0.15; P < 0.01) and higher HOMA-IR (β = 0.15, P < 0.01), whereas the MTHFD1 AA genotype was negatively associated with Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (β = -0.11, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that higher GSH level and higher intake of betaine, B, and choline, as well as the TT genotype of MTHFR and the AA genotype of MTHFD1, are associated with lower diabetes-related parameters among adults.

摘要

背景

关于一碳代谢（OCM）与糖尿病相关参数之间关联的证据越来越多。

目的

因此，我们旨在研究血浆胆碱、甜菜碱、氧化三甲胺（TMAO）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、血清叶酸、维生素B12、二氢叶酸还原酶（rs70991108）基因型、亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（MTHFR）（rs180113）基因型、亚甲基四氢叶酸脱氢酶（MTHFD1）（rs2236225）基因型以及磷脂酰乙醇胺N - 甲基转移酶（rs7946和rs12325817）基因型与空腹血糖水平、胰岛素水平和糖尿病相关指标之间的关联。

方法

研究组由421名年龄在20 - 40岁的波兰成年人组成。使用3天食物日记评估食物摄入量。采用超高效液相色谱 - 电喷雾电离质谱法测定血浆中胆碱、甜菜碱和TMAO的浓度。通过高效液相色谱法测量血浆总GSH水平。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法估算胰岛素、叶酸和维生素B12的浓度。使用TaqMan探针进行基因分型。

结果

GSH水平与胰岛素（β = -0.11，P < 0.05）和γ - 谷氨酰转移酶（GGTP）（β = -0.12，P < 0.05）呈负相关，与空腹血糖呈正相关（β = 0.11，P < 0.05）。甜菜碱摄入量与血清胰岛素浓度（β = -0.13，P < 0.05）和稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗（HOMA - IR）（β = -0.12，P < 0.05）呈负相关。胆碱摄入量与胰岛素呈负相关（β = -0.17，P < 0.01）。血清叶酸水平与GGTP呈负相关（β = -0.11；P < 0.05）。亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（MTHFR）CC基因型与较高的血清胰岛素水平（β = 0.15；P < 0.01）和较高的HOMA - IR（β = 0.15，P < 0.01）相关，而MTHFD1 AA基因型与定量胰岛素敏感性检查指数呈负相关（β = -0.11，P < 0.05）。