Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
Allergy Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Della Romagna, Rimini, Italy.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024 Oct 29;84(18):1748-1766. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.05.084.
Low-dose aspirin remains the most commonly used antiplatelet agent among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Aspirin hypersensitivity occurs in 1% to 5% of patients and is among the most frequent causes for prohibiting the use of aspirin, posing a significant dilemma on how to manage these patients in clinical practice. Aspirin hypersensitivity is often misinterpreted and confused with aspirin intolerance, with treatment approaches being often unclear and lacking specific recommendations. Aspirin desensitization and low-dose aspirin challenge have emerged as pragmatic, effective, and safe approaches in patients with suspected or confirmed aspirin hypersensitivity who require aspirin therapy, but they are underused systematically in clinical practice. Furthermore, there is confusion over alternative antiplatelet agents to be used in these patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms and classification of aspirin hypersensitivity, as well as alternative strategies and practical algorithms to overcome the need for aspirin use in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with suspected aspirin hypersensitivity, are discussed.
低剂量阿司匹林仍然是动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病患者最常用的抗血小板药物。阿司匹林过敏反应发生在 1%至 5%的患者中,是最常见的禁止使用阿司匹林的原因之一,这对如何在临床实践中管理这些患者提出了重大难题。阿司匹林过敏反应常被误解和与阿司匹林不耐受相混淆,治疗方法往往不明确,缺乏具体建议。在需要阿司匹林治疗但疑似或确诊阿司匹林过敏的患者中,阿司匹林脱敏和小剂量阿司匹林挑战已成为实用、有效和安全的方法,但在临床实践中系统应用不足。此外,在这些患者中使用替代抗血小板药物也存在混淆。本文讨论了阿司匹林过敏反应的病理生理机制和分类,以及在疑似阿司匹林过敏的动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病患者中克服使用阿司匹林需求的替代策略和实用算法。