Xiong Yao, Xie Xinyu, Yang Yunfeng
College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
Lianyun District Cultural Center, Lianyungang, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 23;14(1):25092. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76386-x.
City parks can cool the surrounding environment and mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect, considerable improving the city's adaptability to climate. In this study, 20 city parks in Nanjing, China, were considered, and four indexes for quantifying the cooling benefits from a cumulative impact perspective were proposed. These indexes are park cooling area (PCA), park cooling efficiency (PCE), park cooling intensity (PCI), and park cooling gradient (PCG). The results reveal the following: first, city parks have a positive impact on the surrounding thermal environment. The factors park area (PA), park perimeter (PP), landscape shape index (LSI), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) determine cooling benefits. Second, PA and PP are significantly positively correlated with PCA but are significantly negatively correlated with PCE. LSI is negatively correlated with PCE, while NDVI is positively correlated with PCI and PCG. No significant correlation exists between the four cooling indexes and modified normalized difference water index(MNDWI). Finally, different parks exhibit variations in their ability to provide cooling benefits. Special or community parks are more appropriately situated in areas with constrained urban land resources. In designing comprehensive parks, the intricate boundary features and vegetation conditions need to be considered to optimize their cooling effects. Moreover, a larger number of residents are allowed to enjoy cooling services. The findings of this project will aid in the construction and optimization of city parks in future to combat the UHI effect.
城市公园可以冷却周围环境并减轻城市热岛（UHI）效应，显著提高城市对气候的适应能力。在本研究中，考虑了中国南京的20个城市公园，并从累积影响的角度提出了四个量化降温效益的指标。这些指标是公园降温面积（PCA）、公园降温效率（PCE）、公园降温强度（PCI）和公园降温梯度（PCG）。结果表明：第一，城市公园对周围热环境有积极影响。公园面积（PA）、公园周长（PP）、景观形状指数（LSI）和归一化植被指数（NDVI）等因素决定了降温效益。第二，PA和PP与PCA显著正相关，但与PCE显著负相关。LSI与PCE负相关，而NDVI与PCI和PCG正相关。四个降温指标与修正归一化差异水体指数（MNDWI）之间不存在显著相关性。最后，不同公园提供降温效益的能力存在差异。特殊公园或社区公园更适合位于城市土地资源有限的地区。在设计综合公园时，需要考虑复杂的边界特征和植被条件，以优化其降温效果。此外，应让更多居民享受降温服务。该项目的研究结果将有助于未来城市公园的建设和优化，以应对城市热岛效应。
