Reparto Chimica degli Alimenti e Mangimi - Laboratorio Contaminanti Ambientali, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy.
Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Food safety, nutrition and veterinary public health Dept, Roma, Italy.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2024 Dec;41(12):1582-1593. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2414954. Epub 2024 Oct 24.
Circular feeds, such as grain dry distillers, citrus pulp, cane molasses, and potatoes peels, are co-products of biomass processes. They are currently proposed in animal nutrition to improve the environmental and economic sustainability of the food production chain. In this paper, we report a case study involving fipronil, a pesticide currently not authorized for agriculture within the EU, but used in the Americas, Eastern Europe, and Asia. Fipronil was found at a mean level of 0.49 mg/kg, in a grain dry distiller batch administered to dairy cows. This finding, along with other evidence of potential fipronil presence in feed materials, prompted us to evaluate the risk to food safety and food security from 12 different conventional and sustainable feeding regimens. To this purpose, we considered a fipronil feed-to-milk carry-over rate of 0.52, the tolerance levels in fodders and food from The EU, Codex Alimentarius, and US-EPA, and the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.0002 mg/kg body weight for adverse effects on thyroid function in dairy cows. Under a conservative scenario, fipronil-contaminated potato peels and grain distillers in the feeding regimens may play a pivotal role in exceeding the EU Maximum Residue Level (MRL) in bovine milk and fat (0.005 and 0.030 mg/kg, respectively). Hay-based diets with soybean hulls and cane molasses show negligible risks (Hazard Index ∼ 1). In all cases, the ADI exceedance suggests the need to evaluate thyroid function in dairy cows exposed to fipronil as a food security factor.
环形饲料，如谷物干酒糟、柑橘渣、甘蔗蜜饯和土豆皮，是生物质工艺的副产品。它们目前在动物营养中被提出，以提高食品生产链的环境和经济可持续性。在本文中，我们报告了一个涉及氟虫腈的案例研究，氟虫腈是一种目前未被欧盟授权用于农业的农药，但在美国、东欧和亚洲被使用。在给奶牛服用的一批谷物干酒糟中，发现氟虫腈的平均含量为 0.49 毫克/千克。这一发现以及其他饲料材料中可能存在氟虫腈的证据，促使我们评估 12 种不同常规和可持续饲养方案对食品安全和粮食安全的风险。为此，我们考虑了 0.52 的氟虫腈从饲料到牛奶的转移率、欧盟、食品法典委员会和美国环保署的饲料和食品中的容忍水平，以及奶牛甲状腺功能不良的可接受日摄入量（ADI）为 0.0002 毫克/千克体重。在保守的情况下，饲养方案中受污染的土豆皮和谷物酒糟可能在超过欧盟牛奶和脂肪中的最大残留限量（MRL）方面发挥关键作用（分别为 0.005 和 0.030 毫克/千克）。含有大豆皮和甘蔗蜜饯的干草日粮风险可忽略不计（危害指数约为 1）。在所有情况下，ADI 的超标都表明需要评估接触氟虫腈的奶牛的甲状腺功能，作为粮食安全因素。
