Dagaew Gamonmas, Cheas Seangla, Suntara Chanon, Supapong Chanadol, Cherdthong Anusorn
Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Innovation and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Aug 11;15(16):2351. doi: 10.3390/ani15162351.
This study evaluated the effects of replacing SBM with CWYWEP on in vitro rumen fermentation, nutrient degradability, and gas production kinetics. Citric waste was co-fermented with yeast waste and a multi-enzyme complex for 14 days, then sun-dried and pelleted. The final CWYWEP product contained 50.4% crude protein (DM basis). A completely randomized design tested seven diets in which SBM was replaced by CWYWEP or non-enzymatic citric waste-yeast waste pellets (CWYWP) at 0%, 33%, 66%, or 100% inclusion. Replacing SBM with CWYWEP significantly increased cumulative gas production at 96 h, with the 100% CWYWEP group achieving 93.7 mL/0.5 g DM-a 14% increase over the control ( < 0.01). Microbial lag time was reduced to 0.17 h vs. 0.28 h in the control ( < 0.05), suggesting faster microbial colonization. The highest in vitro DM degradability (IVDMD) at 48 h was observed in the 100% CWYWEP group (64.5%), outperforming both the SBM control and all CWYWP treatments ( < 0.01). Notably, CWYWEP increased total volatile fatty acids by 5% at 4 h and propionate by 9% at 2 h, while reducing methane production by 5% ( < 0.05). Other parameters, including pH, ammonia nitrogen, organic matter digestibility, and protozoal counts, were unaffected ( > 0.05). In contrast, CWYWP without enzymes showed minimal improvement. These findings indicate that CWYWEP is a promising high-protein alternative to SBM, enhancing fermentation efficiency and reducing methane under in vitro conditions. Further in vivo studies are warranted to validate these effects.
本研究评估了用柠檬酸废酵母复合酶蛋白（CWYWEP）替代豆粕（SBM）对体外瘤胃发酵、养分降解率和产气动力学的影响。将柠檬酸废渣与酵母废渣和复合酶共同发酵14天，然后晒干并制粒。最终的CWYWEP产品含有50.4%的粗蛋白（以干物质计）。采用完全随机设计，测试了七种日粮，其中用CWYWEP或非酶解柠檬酸废酵母颗粒（CWYWP）以0%、33%、66%或100%的添加量替代SBM。用CWYWEP替代SBM显著提高了96小时的累积产气量，100% CWYWEP组达到93.7 mL/0.5 g干物质，比对照组增加了14%（P<0.01）。微生物滞后期缩短至0.17小时，而对照组为0.28小时（P<0.05），表明微生物定殖更快。在100% CWYWEP组中观察到48小时时最高的体外干物质降解率（IVDMD）（64.5%），优于SBM对照组和所有CWYWP处理组（P<0.01）。值得注意的是，CWYWEP在4小时时使总挥发性脂肪酸增加了5%，在2小时时使丙酸增加了9%，同时使甲烷产量降低了5%（P<0.05）。其他参数，包括pH值、氨氮、有机物消化率和原生动物数量，均未受影响（P>0.05）。相比之下，不含酶的CWYWP改善极小。这些发现表明，CWYWEP是一种有前景的高蛋白豆粕替代品，在体外条件下可提高发酵效率并减少甲烷排放。有必要进行进一步的体内研究来验证这些效果。
