Tanaka K, Hikosaka K, Saito H, Yukie M, Fukada Y, Iwai E
J Neurosci. 1986 Jan;6(1):134-44. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-01-00134.1986.
The middle temporal (MT) and medial superior temporal (MST) areas of the macaque cortex have many cells that respond to straight movements in the frontoparallel plane with directional selectivity (D cells). We examined their responses to movements of a bar, of a wide dot pattern, and to combined movements of the two in anesthetized and immobilized animals. D cells in MT showed a wide variety in the strength of the inhibitory field surrounding the excitatory center field. Responses of SI+-type cells to a bar moving across the excitatory field were suppressed when a wide dot pattern moved over the surround field in the same direction and at the same speed as the bar. Inhibition was selective to the direction and speed of the surround movement, and the effective area for inhibition occupied a wide area, which expanded in all radial directions. Responses of SI- -type cells to a center bar movement were changed little by a conjoint movement over the surround field. Consequently, SI- -type cells responded to wide-field movement as well as to stimuli confined within the excitatory field. Although D cells in MST commonly had large excitatory fields, a proportion of them (Figure type) responded to bar movement much more strongly than to wide-field movement. Their responses to a bar movement were suppressed direction-selectively by a conjoint movement of a wide dot-pattern background. The effective area for inhibition coexisted with the excitatory field in these cells. MST cells of the Nonselective type responded comparably well to the two stimuli, and those of the Field type responded much more strongly to wide-field movement than to bar movement. It is thus suggested that MT cells of the SI+ type and MST cells of the Figure type can detect a difference between movements of an object and its wide background, whereas MST cells of the Field type can detect a conjoint movement of a wide field, neglecting the movements of a single object.
猕猴皮层的颞中区（MT）和颞上内侧区（MST）有许多对额状平行平面内的直线运动具有方向选择性的细胞（D细胞）。我们在麻醉和固定的动物中研究了它们对条形、宽点图案以及两者组合运动的反应。MT中的D细胞在兴奋性中心场周围抑制场的强度上表现出很大差异。当宽点图案以与条形相同的方向和速度在周围场移动时，SI + 型细胞对穿过兴奋性场的条形运动的反应受到抑制。抑制对周围运动的方向和速度具有选择性，并且抑制的有效区域占据了一个广阔的区域，该区域在所有径向方向上扩展。SI - 型细胞对中心条形运动的反应几乎不受周围场联合运动的影响。因此，SI - 型细胞对宽场运动以及局限于兴奋性场内的刺激都有反应。尽管MST中的D细胞通常具有较大的兴奋性场，但其中一部分（图形类型）对条形运动的反应比对宽场运动的反应强烈得多。它们对条形运动的反应被宽点图案背景的联合运动方向选择性地抑制。这些细胞中抑制的有效区域与兴奋性场共存。非选择性类型的MST细胞对这两种刺激的反应相当，而场类型的MST细胞对宽场运动的反应比对条形运动的反应强烈得多。因此，表明SI + 型的MT细胞和图形类型的MST细胞可以检测物体与其宽背景运动之间的差异，而场类型的MST细胞可以检测宽场的联合运动，而忽略单个物体的运动。
