Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
Chongqing Academy Ecoenvironm Science, Chongqing 401147, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 10;955:177050. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177050. Epub 2024 Oct 22.
The health impact of heavy metals in atmospheric PM has garnered increasingly widespread attention. We have collected PM samples in a typical city (Kaifeng) within the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration in China during winter and measured the mass concentration of PM-bound heavy metals. The pollution of As and Cr in the urban atmosphere requires significant attention. As PM concentrations increased, the enrichment factors (EFs) of Mn, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb also rose, suggesting a growing contribution from anthropogenic emissions. The analysis showed that the hazard quotient (HQ) for the non-heating and heating periods (HQ < 1) did not result in a cumulative non-carcinogenic health risk to humans. Regarding carcinogenic effects, As and Cr exhibit significant carcinogenic impacts on both children and adults (ELCR>1 × 10), indicating that the carcinogenic risks posed by As and Cr under PM exposure in Kaifeng could not be overlooked. It was found that industrial and biomass combustion are the primary sources of carcinogenic risk in Kaifeng city. From the non-heating to the heating period, the industrial carcinogenic risk increased from 37.12 % to 43.39 %, while the contribution of biomass burning remained at 25 %. This result was strongly correlated with the high proportions of heavy metal elements such as As, Mn, Pb, and Ni from the metal refinery industry. The results of this study revealed the equally important source of heavy metals, compared to coal combustion in North China Plain. In addition to residential coal combustion, industrial emissions are a major source of PM-bound heavy metals in Kaifeng, contributing significantly to overall air pollution and providing a useful reference to mitigating human health risks in the area.
重金属在大气 PM 中的健康影响引起了越来越广泛的关注。我们在中国中原城市群的典型城市（开封）冬季收集了 PM 样本，并测量了 PM 结合态重金属的质量浓度。城市大气中砷和铬的污染需要引起高度重视。随着 PM 浓度的增加，Mn、Cu、Zn、As 和 Pb 的富集因子（EF）也随之升高，表明人为排放的贡献越来越大。分析表明，非采暖期和采暖期的危害商（HQ<1）不会对人体造成累积的非致癌健康风险。关于致癌效应，砷和铬对儿童和成人都有显著的致癌影响（ELCR>1×10），表明在开封市 PM 暴露下，砷和铬的致癌风险不容忽视。研究发现，工业和生物质燃烧是造成开封市致癌风险的主要来源。从非采暖期到采暖期，工业致癌风险从 37.12%增加到 43.39%，而生物质燃烧的贡献保持在 25%。这一结果与金属精炼行业重金属元素（如 As、Mn、Pb 和 Ni）比例较高密切相关。本研究结果揭示了重金属的重要来源，与华北平原的煤炭燃烧相当。除了居民燃煤，工业排放也是开封市 PM 结合态重金属的主要来源，对整体空气污染有重大影响，为减轻该地区的人类健康风险提供了有益的参考。
