Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, United States.
J Affect Disord. 2025 Jan 15;369:1131-1135. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.101. Epub 2024 Oct 22.
Bipolar disorder is a disorder characterized by cyclic changes in mood, yet limited research has explored longitudinal patterns of seasonality on mood symptoms in this population. This study aimed to examine longitudinal mood symptoms in individuals with bipolar type I and II, and healthy controls to determine if seasonal patterns were present and to validate the Global Seasonality Score as a measure of seasonality.
Participants from the Prechter Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder were included. Seasonal variations in mood were determined from the Patient Health Questionnaire, Altman Self-Rating Mania scale, and the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire. Mixed effects models were utilized to examine the effects of season and diagnostic group on patterns of mood over time.
All groups exhibited significant seasonal effects on mood symptoms, with evidence of decreased depressive symptoms and increased mania symptoms in longer daylight months. The Global Seasonality Score showed significant differences between diagnostic groups, with bipolar I and II groups demonstrating higher seasonality than healthy controls. High seasonality was associated with greater variance in mood symptoms.
The present study found evidence of seasonal patterns in mood symptoms in individuals with bipolar type I and II. These results highlight the need for consideration of seasonality in assessment and treatment in bipolar disorder and suggest that interventions such as light therapy during seasons of heightened risk could be beneficial. The validation of the Global Seasonality Score as a reliable measure further underscores the benefit of utilizing self-report measures to identify periods of vulnerability.
双相情感障碍是一种以情绪周期性变化为特征的疾病，但关于该人群情绪症状季节性的纵向模式的研究有限。本研究旨在检查双相情感障碍 I 型和 II 型患者及健康对照者的纵向情绪症状，以确定是否存在季节性模式，并验证全球季节性评分作为衡量季节性的一种方法。
纳入了 Prechter 纵向双相情感障碍研究的参与者。使用患者健康问卷、Altman 自我评定躁狂量表和季节性模式评估问卷来确定情绪的季节性变化。利用混合效应模型来检验季节和诊断组对随时间变化的情绪模式的影响。
所有组的情绪症状均表现出明显的季节性影响，有证据表明，在昼长夜短的月份，抑郁症状减轻，躁狂症状增加。全球季节性评分在诊断组之间存在显著差异，双相情感障碍 I 型和 II 型组的季节性比健康对照组更高。高季节性与情绪症状的更大变异性相关。
本研究发现了双相情感障碍 I 型和 II 型患者情绪症状季节性模式的证据。这些结果强调了在双相情感障碍的评估和治疗中考虑季节性的必要性，并表明在高风险季节进行光疗等干预措施可能会有益。全球季节性评分作为一种可靠测量方法的验证进一步强调了利用自我报告测量来识别脆弱期的好处。
