Jia Donghui, Wang Shengjun, Wang Qian, Wang Hengyang, Xie Haohao, Jiang Youfei, Zhang Zhigang, Lyu Xinghua
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
J Clin Nurs. 2025 Jul;34(7):2908-2917. doi: 10.1111/jocn.17497. Epub 2024 Oct 24.
To translate and validate the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool.
Timely assessment of the pain degree of nonverbal intensive care unit (ICU) patients can provide humanistic care. However, there is a lack of pain assessment tools that can meet the needs of patients who cannot use language in ICUs in China.
A cross-sectional survey.
We conducted forward-backward translation of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool. A total of 300 critically ill patients in the intensive care unit who could not communicate verbally completed the Chinese version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to verify structural validity, and content validity and reliability analyses were also conducted.
The Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.901) and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.981), with good split-half reliability. Content validity was established through acceptable item-level content validity index and scale-level content validity index scores. Exploratory factor analysis showed a single factor explaining 71.79% of total variance, and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed good model fit. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.917 between the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool and the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool. The Chinese Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool demonstrated significant differences in scores between different states of consciousness and illness severity, supporting its known-groups validity.
The Chinese version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool is a reliable and valid tool for nonverbal pain assessment in ICU patients in China.
The Chinese version of the Nonverbal Pain Assessment Tool can assess the pain of patients who cannot use language in ICU, which provides a new valuable assessment tool for Chinese clinicians and nurses in pain assessment and management.
Our study followed the STROBE Checklists.
Patients actively cooperated and participated in data collection during the implementation of the study.
翻译并验证非语言疼痛评估工具。
及时评估非语言重症监护病房（ICU）患者的疼痛程度可提供人文关怀。然而，在中国，ICU中缺乏能够满足无法使用语言患者需求的疼痛评估工具。
横断面调查。
我们对非语言疼痛评估工具进行了前后向翻译。共有300名无法进行言语交流的重症监护病房危重症患者完成了中文版非语言疼痛评估工具和重症监护疼痛观察工具。进行探索性和验证性因素分析以验证结构效度，并进行内容效度和信度分析。
非语言疼痛评估工具显示出高内部一致性（α = 0.901）和评分者间信度（组内相关系数 = 0.981），具有良好的分半信度。通过可接受的项目水平内容效度指数和量表水平内容效度指数得分建立了内容效度。探索性因素分析显示一个因素解释了总方差的71.79%，验证性因素分析证实模型拟合良好。非语言疼痛评估工具与重症监护疼痛观察工具之间的斯皮尔曼等级相关系数为0.917。中文版非语言疼痛评估工具在不同意识状态和疾病严重程度之间的得分存在显著差异，支持其已知组效度。
中文版非语言疼痛评估工具是中国ICU患者非语言疼痛评估的可靠且有效的工具。
中文版非语言疼痛评估工具可评估ICU中无法使用语言患者的疼痛，为中国临床医生和护士进行疼痛评估和管理提供了一种新的有价值的评估工具。
我们的研究遵循STROBE清单。
患者在研究实施过程中积极配合并参与数据收集。
