Zyznawska Joanna, Frankowski Grzegorz, Wodka-Natkaniec Ewa, Skoczek Joanna
Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
Clin Pract. 2024 Oct 22;14(6):2217-2227. doi: 10.3390/clinpract14060174.
The main function of the hamstring muscles is to bend the knee joint and support the function of the hip extensors. Their frequent injuries are the result of overload related to, among others, dynamic running or jumping, and inadequate preparation for athletics activities. The asymmetry of the work of individual flexor muscle groups is clearly marked in the case of valgus or varus of the knee joint, i.e., in different positions of the lower limb. The aim of the study was to determine the position and form of a rehabilitation exercise in which an isolated group of muscles flexing the knee joint will show the greatest bioelectrical activity.
The study involved 25 students of the Jagiellonian University Medical College. The students were aged 20-26. The average age was 22.9 (±1.4). The study participants included 17 women with an average age of 23.0 (±1.1) and 8 men with an average age of 22.6 (±1.9). Women constituted 68% and men 32% of all respondents. All participants agreed to participate in the study. Surface electromyography measurements in both lower limbs provided an initial number of 50 cases. The activity of the knee flexor muscles during isometric contraction with resistance was measured in correlation with three foot and lower leg settings: internal rotation, neutral position, and external rotation. The bioelectrical activity of the semitendinosus muscle is significantly higher ( < 0.01) in the internal rotation position than in the neutral position of the lower leg, while the bioelectrical activity of the biceps femoris muscle is inversely higher ( < 0.01) in the external rotation position than in the neutral position.
The results are significant for both average and maximum values of muscle stimulation. During isometric contraction with resistance, the semitendinosus muscle shows the greatest bioelectrical activity in the internal rotation position of the lower leg and foot, and the biceps femoris muscle in the external rotation position of the lower leg and foot.
The above information has important implicational applications when improving isolated groups of hamstrings. In the future, this may contribute to more effective rehabilitation of patients with injuries of the muscles described in the article.
腘绳肌的主要功能是弯曲膝关节并辅助髋伸肌发挥作用。其频繁受伤是由多种因素导致的过载所致，比如动态跑步或跳跃，以及体育活动准备不充分。在膝关节外翻或内翻的情况下，即在下肢处于不同位置时，各个屈膝肌群的工作不对称性会明显显现。本研究的目的是确定一种康复锻炼的姿势和形式，在这种姿势下，单独的膝关节屈肌组将展现出最大的生物电活动。
本研究纳入了25名雅盖隆大学医学院的学生。学生年龄在20至26岁之间，平均年龄为22.9（±1.4）岁。研究参与者包括17名平均年龄为23.0（±1.1）岁的女性和8名平均年龄为22.6（±1.9）岁的男性。女性占所有受访者的68%，男性占32%。所有参与者均同意参与本研究。对双下肢进行表面肌电图测量，初始病例数为50例。在与三种足部和小腿姿势（内旋、中立位和外旋）相关的情况下，测量了膝关节屈肌在抗阻等长收缩过程中的活动。半腱肌在小腿内旋位的生物电活动显著高于（<0.01）小腿中立位，而股二头肌在小腿外旋位的生物电活动反而高于（<0.01）中立位。
对于肌肉刺激的平均值和最大值，结果均具有显著性。在抗阻等长收缩过程中，半腱肌在小腿和足部内旋位展现出最大的生物电活动，股二头肌在小腿和足部外旋位展现出最大的生物电活动。
上述信息在改善单独的腘绳肌群时具有重要的应用意义。未来，这可能有助于更有效地康复本文所述肌肉损伤的患者。
