Nam Minho, Lee Jong Won, Cha Gi Doo
Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
Gels. 2024 Oct 7;10(10):640. doi: 10.3390/gels10100640.
Hydrogels have garnered significant interest in the biomedical field owing to their tissue-like properties and capability to incorporate various fillers. Among these, injectable hydrogels have been highlighted for their unique advantages, especially their minimally invasive administration mode for implantable use. These injectable hydrogels can be utilized in their pristine forms or as composites by integrating them with therapeutic filler materials. Given their primary application in implantable platforms, enzymatically crosslinked injectable hydrogels have been actively explored due to their excellent biocompatibility and easily controllable mechanical properties for the desired use. This review introduces the crosslinking mechanisms of such hydrogels, focusing on those mediated by horseradish peroxidase (HRP), transglutaminase (TG), and tyrosinase. Furthermore, several parameters and their relationships with the intrinsic properties of hydrogels are investigated. Subsequently, the representative biomedical applications of enzymatically crosslinked-injectable hydrogels are presented, including those for wound healing, preventing post-operative adhesion (POA), and hemostasis. Furthermore, hydrogel composites containing filler materials, such as therapeutic cells, proteins, and drugs, are analyzed. In conclusion, we examine the scientific challenges and directions for future developments in the field of enzymatically crosslinked-injectable hydrogels, focusing on material selection, intrinsic properties, and filler integration.
水凝胶因其类似组织的特性以及能够结合各种填充剂而在生物医学领域引起了广泛关注。其中，可注射水凝胶因其独特优势而备受瞩目，尤其是其用于植入用途的微创给药方式。这些可注射水凝胶可以以其原始形式使用，也可以通过与治疗性填充材料结合形成复合材料。鉴于其在可植入平台中的主要应用，酶交联可注射水凝胶因其优异的生物相容性和易于控制的机械性能以满足预期用途而受到积极探索。本文综述介绍了此类水凝胶的交联机制，重点关注由辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）、转谷氨酰胺酶（TG）和酪氨酸酶介导的交联机制。此外，还研究了几个参数及其与水凝胶固有特性的关系。随后，介绍了酶交联可注射水凝胶的代表性生物医学应用，包括伤口愈合、预防术后粘连（POA）和止血等应用。此外，还分析了含有填充材料（如治疗性细胞、蛋白质和药物）的水凝胶复合材料。总之，我们探讨了酶交联可注射水凝胶领域未来发展的科学挑战和方向，重点关注材料选择、固有特性和填充剂整合。
