Mirza Asad, Hsu Chia-Pei Denise, Rodriguez Andres, Alvarez Paulina, Lou Lihua, Sey Matty, Agarwal Arvind, Ramaswamy Sharan, Hutcheson Joshua
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2024 Sep 24;11(10):955. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11100955.
Heart disease is a leading cause of mortality, with calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) being the most prevalent subset. Being able to predict this disease in its early stages is important for monitoring patients before they need aortic valve replacement surgery. Thus, this study explored hydrodynamic, mechanical, and hemodynamic differences in healthy and very mildly calcified porcine small intestinal submucosa (PSIS) bioscaffold valves to determine any notable parameters between groups that could, possibly, be used for disease tracking purposes. Three valve groups were tested: raw PSIS as a control and two calcified groups that were seeded with human valvular interstitial and endothelial cells (VICs/VECs) and cultivated in calcifying media. These two calcified groups were cultured in either static or bioreactor-induced oscillatory flow conditions. Hydrodynamic assessments showed metrics were below thresholds associated for even mild calcification. Young's modulus, however, was significantly higher in calcified valves when compared to raw PSIS, indicating the morphological changes to the tissue structure. Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations agreed well with hydrodynamic results and, most notably, showed a significant increase in time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) between raw and calcified groups. We conclude that tracking hemodynamics may be a viable biomarker for early-stage CAVD tracking.
心脏病是主要的死亡原因,其中钙化性主动脉瓣疾病(CAVD)是最常见的类型。在患者需要进行主动脉瓣置换手术之前对其进行监测,能够在疾病早期预测这种疾病非常重要。因此,本研究探讨了健康和极轻度钙化的猪小肠黏膜下层(PSIS)生物支架瓣膜的流体动力学、力学和血流动力学差异,以确定两组之间可能用于疾病跟踪目的的任何显著参数。测试了三个瓣膜组:将未处理的PSIS作为对照,以及两个钙化组,这两个钙化组接种了人瓣膜间质细胞和内皮细胞(VICs/VECs)并在钙化培养基中培养。这两个钙化组分别在静态或生物反应器诱导的振荡流条件下培养。流体动力学评估显示,即使是轻度钙化相关的指标也低于阈值。然而,与未处理的PSIS相比,钙化瓣膜的杨氏模量显著更高,表明组织结构发生了形态学变化。流固耦合(FSI)模拟与流体动力学结果吻合良好,最显著的是,显示出未处理组和钙化组之间的时间平均壁面剪应力(TAWSS)显著增加。我们得出结论,跟踪血流动力学可能是早期CAVD跟踪的一个可行的生物标志物。
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