瓣膜内皮细胞暴露于高水平的血流振荡会加剧瓣膜间质细胞钙化。

Valve Endothelial Cell Exposure to High Levels of Flow Oscillations Exacerbates Valve Interstitial Cell Calcification.

作者信息

Hsu Chia-Pei Denise, Tchir Alexandra, Mirza Asad, Chaparro Daniel, Herrera Raul E, Hutcheson Joshua D, Ramaswamy Sharan

机构信息

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.

Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33199, USA.

出版信息

Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Aug 16;9(8):393. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9080393.

Abstract

The aortic valve facilitates unidirectional blood flow to the systemic circulation between the left cardiac ventricle and the aorta. The valve's biomechanical function relies on thin leaflets to adequately open and close over the cardiac cycle. A monolayer of valve endothelial cells (VECs) resides on the outer surface of the aortic valve leaflet. Deeper within the leaflet are sublayers of valve interstitial cells (VICs). Valve tissue remodeling involves paracrine signaling between VECs and VICs. Aortic valve calcification can result from abnormal paracrine communication between these two cell types. VECs are known to respond to hemodynamic stimuli, and, specifically, flow abnormalities can induce VEC dysfunction. This dysfunction can subsequently change the phenotype of VICs, leading to aortic valve calcification. However, the relation between VEC-exposed flow oscillations under pulsatile flow to the progression of aortic valve calcification by VICs remains unknown. In this study, we quantified the level of flow oscillations that VECs were exposed to under dynamic culture and then immersed VICs in VEC-conditioned media. We found that VIC-induced calcification was augmented under maximum flow oscillations, wherein the flow was fully forward for half the cardiac cycle period and fully reversed for the other half. We were able to computationally correlate this finding to specific regions of the aortic valve that experience relatively high flow oscillations and that have been shown to be associated with severe calcified deposits. These findings establish a basis for future investigations on engineering calcified human valve tissues and its potential for therapeutic discovery of aortic valve calcification.

摘要

主动脉瓣促进左心室与主动脉之间的血液单向流入体循环。瓣膜的生物力学功能依赖于薄瓣叶在心动周期内充分打开和关闭。单层瓣膜内皮细胞(VECs)位于主动脉瓣叶的外表面。在瓣叶更深层是瓣膜间质细胞(VICs)亚层。瓣膜组织重塑涉及VECs与VICs之间的旁分泌信号传导。主动脉瓣钙化可能源于这两种细胞类型之间异常的旁分泌通讯。已知VECs对血流动力学刺激有反应,具体而言,血流异常可诱导VEC功能障碍。这种功能障碍随后可改变VICs的表型,导致主动脉瓣钙化。然而,搏动血流作用下VECs所暴露的血流振荡与VICs导致的主动脉瓣钙化进展之间的关系仍不清楚。在本研究中,我们量化了动态培养条件下VECs所暴露的血流振荡水平,然后将VICs浸入VEC条件培养基中。我们发现,在最大血流振荡下VIC诱导的钙化增强,其中血流在半个心动周期内完全向前,在另半个心动周期内完全反向。我们能够通过计算将这一发现与主动脉瓣中经历相对高血流振荡且已被证明与严重钙化沉积相关的特定区域联系起来。这些发现为未来关于工程化钙化人类瓣膜组织及其在主动脉瓣钙化治疗发现方面潜力的研究奠定了基础。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4766/9405348/aa2a154b4efb/bioengineering-09-00393-g001.jpg

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